GLBHistory File Copyright (c) 1998 COPYRIGHT 1998 LIFELOG CORPORATION:CEvent Organ MusicPCNote_The earliest polyphonic music developed out of primative beginnings into significant art forms.cWilli Apel and Ralph Daniel, "The Harvard Brief Dictionary of Music", NY, Washington Square Press.Abbot of Reichenau Berno$AWrote books on musical theory.LThe Timetables of History by Bernard Grun. Simon&Schuster/Touchstone, 1991.Adam de la HalleN!VA famous trovere who also composed music-plays such as "Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion."YBaker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians.Nicolas Slonimsky, ed. Schirmer Books, 1978.Guillaume de MachautpGreatest composer of his day, Machaut compossed sacred and secular music including ballads, rondeaux and motets.=Troubadours, Brian Sargent, ed. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1974.Ars Nova Music~@Novel concepts of rhythm and meter are the main characteristics.cWilli Apel and Ralph Daniel, "The Harvard Brief Dictionary of Music", NY, Washington Square Press. Divine ComedyDanteAMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.)Francesco LandiniX3wBlind Italian musician who was a skilled keyboard performer. Also composed for voices, wrote poetry and was a scholar.OThe New Oxford Companion to Music. Denis Arnold, ed. Oxford Univ. Press, 1983John Dunstable)vEnglish composer who wrote polyphonic Masses, secular songs, motets and other pieces often in a skilled lyrical style.OThe New Oxford Companion to Music. Denis Arnold, ed. Oxford Univ. Press, 1983Gilles BinchoisY7pComposer of the Burgundian Court who wrote sacred as well as secular music and is best known for his "chansons".[Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. Nicolas Slonimsky, ed. Schirmer Books, 1978.Guillaume DufayY7\Prolific French composer whose compositions include Masses, hymn settings and secular songs.OThe New Oxford Companion to Music, Denis Arnold, ed. Oxford Univ. Press, 1983Josquin des PreskpGreatest composer of the Franco-Flemish contrapuntists. Composed and sang at various courts in Italy and had his works performed widely.ZBaker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. Nicolas Slonimsky, ed. Schirmer Boosk, 1978.Heinrich Isaak~FIsaak was a versatile musician who composed church music as well as secular songs. He spend much of his life composing and performing in Italy.UNotes from "Thesaurus Musicus", Bernard Thomas, ed. London Pro Musica Edition, 1981. MichelangeloZU!AMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.) Martin Lutherĭ."Wittenberg Theses" of 1517 writer, theologian:Williams, Robert L, Musical History Map, (Mamaroneck, NY.)Johann WaltherQ)_In collaboration with Martin Luther, Walther produced the hymnal, "Geystlich Gesangk-Buchleyn".MThe Timetables of History, Bernard Grun, ed. Simon&Schuster/Touchstone, 1991. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina"LOne of the most influential composers of his day, Palestrina composed mainly Massess and sacred works. He composed music for the Cappella Sistina, St. John Lateran, S. Maria Maggiore and for other churches. PThe New Oxford Companion to Music. Denis Arnold, ed. Oxford Univ. Press, 1983.Orlando di Lasso"LA Dutch composer whose output was enormous in many genres; sacred songs, villanelle, madrigals, chansons and Masses. He worked at many courts in Europe and established a musical center for composition. OThe New Oxford Companion to Music. Denis Arnold, ed. Oxford Univ. Press, 1983 William Byrd^uEnglish composer of mainly church music including Masses and motets. Also wrote madrigals and other secular vocal and instrumental pieces.BA New Dictionary of Music by Arthur Jacobs. Aldine Pub. Co. ,1961Tomas Luis de Victoria cdvSpanish composer who worked in Rome and Madrid and composed only church music which includes Masses, hymns and motets.HA New Dictionary of Music by Arthur Jacobs. Aldine Publishing Co., 1961 Francis Bacon y"Novum Oranum" writer:Williams, Robert L, Musical History Map, (Mamaroneck, NY.)William ShakespeareU!kAMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.)Heinrich SchutzK?lGerman composer who studied in Italy and was influential in bringing Italian musical ideas to Germany. He composed Italian madrigals, vocal works, and opera ("Daphne") plus a Christmas oratorio.BA New Dictionary of Music by Arthur Jacobs. Aldine Pub. Co., 1961 Baroque MusicT*Baroque has been established in music as a purely chronological term without any of the qualitative implications sometimes associated with the term.cWilli Apel and Ralph Daniel, "The Harvard Brief Dictionary of Music", NY, Washington Square Press. Jan VermeerZ Dutch PainterAMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.)Sir Isaac Newton Newtonian Physics:Williams, Robert L, Musical History Map, (Mamaroneck, NY.)Johann Sebastian Bach*AMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.) Thomas Gray2HEngland writer, poetAMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.)Bach's Brandenburg ConcertiT:Williams, Robert L, Musical History Map, (Mamaroneck, NY.)Bach's Magnificat in D.:Williams, Robert L, Musical History Map, (Mamaroneck, NY.)Mozart, Wolfgang AmadeusD33eAMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.) Beethoven=GAMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.)Beethoven's Moonlight Sonatat:Williams, Robert L, Musical History Map, (Mamaroneck, NY.)Felix Mendelssohn~AMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.)Harmonium DevelopedNReed organ suggested by the Chinese mouth organ; the first real model was made by A. Debain in 1840 and led to the American Estey organ of 1856.cWilli Apel and Ralph Daniel, "The Harvard Brief Dictionary of Music", NY, Washington Square Press.ChopinN:Williams, Robert L, Musical History Map, (Mamaroneck, NY.) KierkegaardExistentialism:Williams, Robert L, Musical History Map, (Mamaroneck, NY.)Stephen Foster"ZAMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.)Emily DickinsonלPoetAMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.) Mark TwainSamuel Clemens, writer.AMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.)Saxophone inventedParisWAdolphe Sax invented by combining features and attributes of several older instruments.cWilli Apel and Ralph Daniel, "The Harvard Brief Dictionary of Music", NY, Washington Square Press.Peter TchaikovskyAMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.) Thomas Hardy(WriterAMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.)Vincent Van GoghrpainterAMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.)Claude DebussydFrancecomposerAMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.)Rudyard Kipling4writerAMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.)Sibelius RFinlandcomposer:Williams, Robert L, Musical History Map, (Mamaroneck, NY.) Charles IvesM"Unanswered Question" composer:Williams, Robert L, Musical History Map, (Mamaroneck, NY.) Maurice Ravel 5"Bolero is the noted song he wrote.:Williams, Robert L, Musical History Map, (Mamaroneck, NY.)Louis ArmstrongfAMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.)John SteinbeckaAMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.)Tennessee Williams!wAMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.)Leonard Bernsteind"West Side Story" composer:Williams, Robert L, Musical History Map, (Mamaroneck, NY.)Charlie ChaplinnLondon, England=English film actor, director, producer, writer, and composer.2http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0811382.html Elvis Presley1n|Singer and actor whose first recordings fused black rural blues with gospel and country, igniting the rock explosion and making Presley an enduring pop icon. His hits include "Heartbreak Hotel" (1956), "Hound Dog" (1956) and "Jailhouse Rock" (1957). His films include Love Me Tender (1956) and Viva Las Vegas (1964). His home, Graceland, remains a much-visited tourist attraction.,http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0154886.html Frank SinatraY Hoboken, NJ3Academy and Grammy Award-winning singer and actor who matured from the bobby-soxers' heartthrob to one of the most influential song stylists of his day. Similarly, Sinatra surprised critics who expected little from a band singer with creditable screen performances in From Here to Eternity (1953), The Manchurian Candidate (1962), and The Man With the Golden Arm (1955). Sinatra continued to pack auditoriums with tours that sometimes included his "Rat Pack" pals from the 1950s. His recordings include "Young at Heart" (1954) and "Strangers in the Night" (1966).,http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0154933.html George LucasN? Modesto, CACFilm director, writer, and producer who has built an empire on the Star Wars franchise. Lucas's other films, equally lauded, include American Graffiti (1973), Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), Willow (1988) and Radioland Murders (1994), and exhibit his fascination with myth and archetypal, dazzlingly cinematic hero stories.,http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0192895.html Walt Disney#^ Chicago, ILAnimation pioneer, invented the multiplane camera in 1937. This advanced camera created three-dimensional effects by giving the illusion of depth, as seen in the first full-length animated feature Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.+http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0906803.htmlMadonnaS Bay City, MI:(Madonna Louise Ciccone), American pop singer and actress.2http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0831082.html