GLCEventRomans in EnglandjEnglandCNoteHadrian's Wall from the Solway Firth to the Tyne River became the northern Roman boundary. Rome abandoned England in 410 leaving it to the Anglo-Saxons.Funk and Wagnall's EncyclopediaPlague in RomeSj Roman Empire`Grun, Bernard, " The TimeTables of History" Touchstone books, Simon and Schuster;Ney York, 1982.Plague in Constantinople7ohEuropeThe plague began in Constantinople, it had been imported by rats from Egypt and Syria, soon it had spread to all of Europe, ending in 594 it had nearly halved Europe's population.bGrun, Bernard, " The TimeTables of History". Touchstone Books, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1982.Alexandrian Library destroyedv AlexandriaQThis Library was said to have the greatest collection of books in the ancient world. It was founded by an Egyptian, King Ptolemy I in the city of Alexandria. Acording to one historian the main library was said to contain over 500,000 volumes. The library was partially destroyed by a fire in 47 B.C. and was burned completely in 641 A.D.http://encarta.msn.comThe First Printed NewspaperPekingbGrun, Bernard, " The TimeTables of History". Touchstone Books, Simon and Schuster, Ney York, 1982.Gunpowder inventedPChinaGunpowder is believed to have originated as early as the 9th century in China, where it was used for making fireworks. It wasn't used as a weapon until it was brought to Europe hundreds of years later.www.Encyclopedia.comEarthquake in Great Britain Great BritainaGrun, Bernard, " The TimeTables of History". Touchstone Books, Simon and Schuster, New York,1982.Norman Conquest,[`EnglandThe Invasion of England By Normandy. The invasion was started over an arguement about who had a right to tthe throne of Endland after the death of King Edward of England on Jan, 5, 1066. There were three rivals for the throne, the first was Harold Godwinson, the second most powerful man in England he was also brother-in-law to King Edward. The second contender was William , Duke of Normandy, he laid claim to the throne because he was a distant cousin to King Edward. The third rival was Harald Hardrada, King of Norway. He claimed that his nephew, Mangus and the former King of England Harthacut had promised each other thier Kingdoms if one should die, Harold said it was his right to rule England. King Hardrada struck first and managed to capture the city of York, but was soon repelled by King Harold of England and the English army. Then Duke Wiliiam began his invasion. The two armies met some five miles from Hastings and on October 14, the battle began. Wiilliam's army destroyed Har?Funk and Wagnall's Encyclopedia and www.ibiscom.com/bayeux.html First CrusadeSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society) 2nd Crusadeb=SGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society) 3rd CrusadeO SGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society) 4th CrusadeSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society) Magna Cartag/EnglandIssued by King John of England because of the pressure put on him by certain barons. The pupose of the document was to garantee feudal rights as well as to ensure that the King could not interfere with baronial priveleges. The document also ensured the freedom of the church and laws of the town. It also implied laws protecting the rights of subjects, which the King was forced to observe.www.encyclopedia.com 100 Years WarwFranceSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)The Black DeathEurope"The first recorded out break of the plague was in the 1330's in China. Then in October of 1347 several Italian ships returning from China docked in Sicily, many of the ship's crew were already dying of the plague. Soon the entire city was infected and the Black Death was loose in Europe. By august of 1348 it had reached England and during the next five years it would kill 25 million people, nearly one-third of Europe's population. Then around 1352 the plague started to recede, but it didn't disappear from Europe completly until the 1600's.*Aaron Rice The Black Death: Bubonic Plague Joan of ArcxHcFranceRNational heroine and patron saint of France. Key figure in 100 Year War, executed.AMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.)First Movable Printing PressGermanyThe first movable printing press was invented in 1452 by Johann Gutenberg, with this invention the first mass production of the bible was achieved in 1455 in Mainz, Germany. This invention revolutionized the printing world and made mass production of printed books possible.bGrun, Bernard, " The TimeTables of History". Touchstone Books, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1982. War of RosesхSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)Gutenberg Bible?GermanyqThe first mass produced book ever made by a printing press. It was printed by Johann Gutenberg in Mainz, Germany.AMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.)Christopher ColumbusCaribbean islandsColumbus becomes first European to encounter Caribbean islands, returns to Spain (1493). Second voyage to Dominica, Jamaica, Puerto Rico (14931496). Third voyage to Orinoco (1498). Fourth voyage to Honduras and Panama (15021504).+http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0001218.htmlMona Lisa PaintedLFlorence, Italy%Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in 1503./http://infoplease.lycos.com/cgi-bin/id/CE030275French Wars of ReligionzQFranceSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)Defeat of the Spanish ArmadaCCCalaisThe Invasion was planned by King Phillip II for the reason of conquering the Protestant heretics in England and to convert them to the Church of Rome. King Phillip also held personal animosities toward England's Queen Elizabeth I. Phillip planned to have his Armada of 125 ships meet the Duke of Parma in the English Channel at Calais. The Armada would ferry the Duke's Soldiers across the straight of Dover and these troops would march on London, seize the Queen and proceed to conquer the entire country. The Spanish Armada which was under the command of the Duke of Medina Sedonia, left port from Portugal in late May of 1588. It reached the southwest coast of England on July 19, where it was challenged by the English Fleet which was commanded by lord Howard and Francis Drake. The smaller, faster English ships were able to harrass the Armada in every possible way, doing much damage. Then when the Armada reached Calais, the Duke of Parma failed to show up, and as a result, the Engl2Steve Goldman or wps.cfc.dnd.ca/links/milhist.html King James IX]xEnglandSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)London Company CharteredA]vEngland and America?London Company tried to settle North America but went bankrupt.fGarraty, John A., and Gay, Peter, "The Columbia History of the World", (New York, NY, Harper and Row).French colonize Canada`CanadaPFamighetti, Robert, ed., The World Almanac and Book of Facts, (Mahwah, NJ. 1997)Thirty Years War`n.SGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)Mayflower sailsqqEngland:Passed the Cape Nov 21 but came ashore at Plymouth Dec 21.Funk and Wagnall's EncyclopediaCharles I Reigns]xEnglandSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)New Netherlandy now New YorkaDutch established New Netherland by 1626 but England occupied it by 1664 and renamed it New York.Family Encyclopedia of American History, pg 341, The Readers Digest, 1975. Grove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)Anglo-French War~St. Lawrence River1Dan Burrows, War Chart, http://people.delphi.com/English Civil War.EnglandSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society) Iroquois WarPAcadia1Dan Burrows, War Chart, http://people.delphi.com/England a CommonwealthMEnglandSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)Anglo-Dutch War_New Netherland1Dan Burrows, War Chart, http://people.delphi.com/King Charles IIMEnglandSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)Plague In LondonoLondon kills 75,000-http://infoplease.lycos.com/ipa/A0001196.htmlWar of League of AugsburgSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)King William's WarsCanadakFunk and Wagnell's Encyclopedia Family Encyclopedia of American History, pg 341, The Readers Digest, 1975.Hunt's Canada ExpeditionMontreal8Ephriam Hunt, Weymouth, MA, led an expedition to Canada.VHuntstown (so called) Proprieters' meeting log book 1735-1765 located in Ashfield, MA.Salem Witch Trials_4 Salem, MABetty Paris caused an investigation leading to Rebecca Nourse being accused of witchcraft in March 1692. John Alden (Jr.) was cleared of charges in May 1693 and all others jailed were set free.Clark, Judith Freeman, Massachusetts, Colony to Commonwealth, an Illustrated History, (Northridge, CA, Windsor Publications, Inc.)War of Spanish SuccessionSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)War of Austrian Successionp'SGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)Earthquake in Portugal1Lisbon, PortugalKills over 60,000.-http://infoplease.lycos.com/ipa/A0001196.htmlU.S. Postal Service established1USA5The first U.S. Postal Service is established in 1755.-http://infoplease.lycos.com/ipa/A0001196.htmlAnglo-French War16Canada1Dan Burrows, War Chart, http://people.delphi.com/Seven Years WarD3@=SGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)Siege of Quebec7Canada1Dan Burrows, War Chart, http://people.delphi.com/America RevolutionN ZUSAApril 19, the date of the Battle at Lexington and the "Shot heard around the world" is usually given as the beginning, but Park Rangers at the site, North Bridge, peg the start on the date the British decided to march against the Colonists.US National Park Ranger.Declaration of IndependenceOO PhiladelphiaOn June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee of Virginia offered a resolution to the Congress to the effect that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States. . . A committee consisting of Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert R. Livingston, and Roger Sherman was organized to prepare a declaration to the effect of the said first resolution. Primarily written by Thomas Jefferson between June 11 and June 28, 1776. It was signed by fifty-six people from thirteen states Signees North Carolina William Hopper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn South Carolina Edward Rutledge, Thomas Heyward, Jr., Thomas Lynch, Jr.,Arthur Middleton. Massachusetts John Hancock, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry. +http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0101022.htmlShay's Rebellion^^ MassachusettsDaniel Shay organized a group to agitate for redress of grievances of over taxation and foreclosures. Daniel Shay was a massachusetts farmer who was unhappy with the high taxes that were being placed on farmers to help repay debts from the Revolutionary War. So he organized a "army" of farmers who marched on the Springfield Armory. However, the farmers were fired upon by the Massachusetts militia and they fleed to the Horse Caves in the Holyoke Range. Daniel Shay was captured soon after, but was later released.Clark, Judith Freeman, Massachusetts, Colony to Commonwealth, an Illustrated History, (Northridge, CA, Windsor Publications, Inc.) www.clc.il.us/home/soc460/221LO2AGeorge WashingtonYbmUSAWashington elected president with all 69 votes of the Electoral College, takes oath of office in New York City. Vice President: John Adams. Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson. Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton.XWhitney, David C., The American Presidents, (The Reader's Digest Association, Inc, 1993)John Adams 1st Vice PresidentYbmUSAXWhitney, David C., The American Presidents, (The Reader's Digest Association, Inc, 1993)Napoleon's WarshpEurope and AfricaSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)Whiskey RebellioniPA"An uprising by farmers in Pennsylvania who opposed Alexander Hamilton's tax on corn whiskey. The settlers saw the tax as discriminatory and rioted against the tax collectors. President Washington sent troops who easily put down the rebellion and made many arrests.( all were pardoned later)`Family Encyclopedia of American History, pg 341, The Readers Digest, 1975. www.Encyclopedia.comBattle of Fallen Timbersij Ohio ValleyGeneral Anthony Wayne accepted the surrender of Miami Indian, Little Turtle. Opened negotiations leading to the Northwest Ordinance.INorton, et al, A People and a Nation, (Boston, 1986: Houghton Miffin Co.)John Adams 2nd PresidentmwsUSAXWhitney, David C., The American Presidents, (The Reader's Digest Association, Inc, 1993)Tripoli-Naval Warws,ySGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)Thomas Jeffersonws~USAXWhitney, David C., The American Presidents, (The Reader's Digest Association, Inc, 1993) War of 1812)p North AmericaThe War of 1812 was between England, America, and Canada, it lasted two years but no significant territory was gained by any of the three countries involved. The British were turned back by the Americans in Baltimore and New Orleans. However, the Americans failed in every attempt to capture Canada.There were however a number of important American naval victories in which American vessels proved themselves superior to similiar British vesselsSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)Sumbawa Volcano eruptsp IndonesiaQin 1815 the Sumbawa volcano erupts in Indonesia, killing more than 50,000 people._Grum, Bernard, "The TimeTables of History" TouchstoneBooks, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1982.Greek War of IndependencejGreeceSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)The Monroe DoctrineuWestern HemisphereEThe Monroe Doctrine was a policy established on Dec. 2, 1823 by the United States to limit European influence in the Western Hemisphere. It basically said that U.S. would consider an attack on any country in the Americas a threat to it's own safety. In return the U.S. stated that it would not interfere in European affairs.http://www.gi.grolier.comSeveral Indian Wars North America&Toledo, Seminole, Creek, Indian Stream1Dan Burrows, War Chart, http://people.delphi.com/Public Education FoundedԦBoston, MA, USAHorace Mann (1796-1858) spent 11 years as secretary and member of the new state board of education and started free public education system.Clark, Judith Freeman, Massachusetts, Colony to Commonwealth, an Illustrated History, (Northridge, CA, Windsor Publications, Inc.)Mexican-American WarMexicoHostilities started north of the Rio Grande May 8, 1846 and war was declared May 13. The end was by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, March 10, 1848. Established Texas border at the Rio Grande and added CA and Southwestern states to US domain.Grove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society) Family Encyclopedia of American History, pg 341, The Readers Digest, 1975. Irish Famine`Ireland The Irish Famine Began with a blight of the potato crop which left virtually every acre of Irish farmland covered with black rot. Poor Irish farmers found their food stores rotting, and the crops that they relied on to pay the rent destroyed. Entire villages were wiped out from disease and starvation. Ireland's population went from 8 million in 1845 to 5 million in 1850. One reason for this huge loss of population was that the famine started the mass imigration of the Irish to England and Europe but mostly to America.wMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.) Liz Szabo or avery.med.virginia.edu/~eas5e/home.html Crimean WarScutari, AlbaniaThis was initially a war between Russia and Turkey. Then England entered on the side of the Turks for the reason that Russia was seeking to control the Dardanelles which would threaten England's Mediterranean sea routes. France also was involved on the side of England and Turkey_Grove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society) David CodyItalian Independence War7ItalySGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society) US Civil WarUSASGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)Austro-Prussian War4SGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)Franco-Prussian WarSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)Telephone inventedyUSA;The telephone is invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell.Funk and Wagnall's EncyclopediaLightbulb inventedUSAby Thomas Alva Edison in 1879.Funk and Wagnall's EncyclopediaIrish Insurrection.IrelandAMachlis, Joseph, The Enjoyment of Music, (NY 1984, WW Norton Co.) Panama CanalkPanama^Extends SE from the Atlantic to the Pacific across the Isthmus of Panama. 40 mi. (64 km) long.1http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0837445.htmlKrakatoa Erupts IndonesiaThis volcano is located on Rakata, an island near Indonesia. When it erupted in 1883 it was one of the most catastrophic eruptions ever witnessed. A black cloud of ash rose 17 miles high, the explosion that followed was heard 2,200 miles away in Australia. The eruption caused numerous tidal waves that reached as far away as Hawaii and South America. The eruption and the chaos that followed killed over 36,000 people.=www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/5/0,5716,47265 + 1 + 46188,00.htmlChinese-Japanese War'ChinaSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)Spanish-American WarUCubawU.S. Battleship Maine exploded in Havana's harbor on Feb. 15, 1898, the explosion was blamed on Spain. The U.S. congress approved military intervention, Spain declared war, the U.S. issued a formal declaration of war effective April 20, 1898. A truce is declared between Spain and the U.S. on August 13, 1898. A Treaty of Paris formalized Spain's Losses on Dec. 10, 1898. =Funk and Wagnall's Encyclopedia The New York Public LibraryBoer WarI South AfricaBetween the Boers in Africa and the British. It started when the Boers attacked Cape Colony and Natal in October 1899. The Boer troops managed to surround and beseige British Forces at Ladysmith, Mafeking and Kimberly, until relieved by counter attacks by forces under Roberts, the British Commander-in-Chief. The Boer commandos used guerilla war tactics against the British, who in return decided to put Boer civilians in concentration camps. Then in May of 1902 the peace of Vereenigning ended the war.Grove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society) David Cody or http://landow.stg.brown.edu/victorian/misc/dc.htmlWright's FlightKitty Hawk, NC, USAnWright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, fly first powered, controlled, heavier-than-air plane at Kitty Hawk, N.C.+http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0005245.htmlRusso-Japanese WarkRussiaSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)San Francisco EarthquakeSan Francisco, California`At 5:12 AM on April 18, 1906, one of the biggest earthquakes in recorded U.S. history hit the San Francisco area. The actual earthquake lasted some 45 to 60 seconds, it was estimated to have registered between 7.7 and 7.9 on the Richter scale. An estimated 3,000 people died along with 28,000 buildings destroyed and more than $400 million in damages./http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/QUAKES/FactSheets/When World War IdEuropefGarraty, John A., and Gay, Peter, "The Columbia History of the World", (New York, NY, Harper and Row).Russian Civil WarRussiaThis revolution began in february of 1917 when a group of demonstrators is fired upon.This began the revolution lead by Lenin which ended in 1921. Lenin then died in 1924 and eventually Stalin came to power.dGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society) David BarnsdaleExpanding Universe*USASEdwin Hubble observed that the distant galaxies all appear to move away from earth.FStephen W. Hawking, "A brief History of Time", Bantum Books , Apr 1988US Great Depressionc*Z8USA@15 million people were unemployed and 1/3 of the US banks failedJFamily Encyclopedia of American History, pg 341, The Readers Digest, 1975.Stock Market Crash of 1929* United StatesThe initial crash began on Thursday October 24,1929 but the most significant losses came on Tuesday October 29,1929. This crash is what ended the roaring twenties and began the Great Depression.6www.arts.unimelb.edu.au/ucr/student/1997/Yee/1929.htmlChinese-Japanese War,/ChinaSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)Cardanes in Mexico819MexicofGarraty, John A., and Gay, Peter, "The Columbia History of the World", (New York, NY, Harper and Row).Spanish Civil War4Z8SpainSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society) World War IIZ8@Europe and Pacific OceanSGrove, Noel, "Atlas of World History" (Washington, DC, National Geographic Society)Color television9 United StatesVPeter Carl Goldmark (1906-1977) demonstrates first successful color television system.YJohn W. Wright (ed.) The Universal Almanac 1996 (Kansas City : Andrews and McMeel, 1995)Selective Service Draft9hUSAGMilitary service drafts also occurred for the Civil War and World War Ihttp://www.sss.gov/induct.htmlPeron dominates Argentina>.O ArgentinafGarraty, John A., and Gay, Peter, "The Columbia History of the World", (New York, NY, Harper and Row).Normandy Landinge?France Allies invade Normandy on D-Day.fGarraty, John A., and Gay, Peter, "The Columbia History of the World", (New York, NY, Harper and Row).Microwave Oven is inventedWB=The microwave oven was invented by Dr. Percy Spencer in 1946.)http://home.nycap.rr.com/useless/contents Transistor2EShockleyVCharles Suskind, Ed, "Encyclopedia of Electronics", Reinhold Publishing Corp. NY 1962.Arab-Israeli War2EFIsrael & surrounding areasfGarraty, John A., and Gay, Peter, "The Columbia History of the World", (New York, NY, Harper and Row). Korean WarGELNorth and South KoreaThis war involved the U.S., Australia, Britain, and other U.N. coutries against communist North Korea and communist China. It was started when North Korea invaded anti-communist South Korea. The war was fought mainly in North and South Korea. A cease fire was signed on July 27, 1953.8http://www.sss.gov/induct.html Tanner Computer Services Hydrogen bombJ United StatesU.S. GovernmentrRobert Famighetti (ed.) The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1997 (Mahwah, NJ : K-III Reference Corporation, 1996)Laser inventedMmGordon, Zeiger and Townes coined the term and had a system operating. Lasers were still theoretical in 1959.VCharles Suskind, Ed, "Encyclopedia of Electronics", Reinhold Publishing Corp. NY 1962. Apollo designXU8cUSADesign contracts were let to start the project of flying a man to the moon. Date of lift off of the successful moon landing flight is given as the end of design.