GLCEvent#Disappearance of the Mound BuildersCNoteThey may have moved somewhere else. They may have all died. Or they may have mixed in with other Indians. Nobody knows for sure. When the Mound-Builders left, the Woodland Indians came to live in this area. One of the tribes of Woodland Indians was the Shawnee. hhttp://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Meadows/7604/history.html Taken from the Internet, November 8, 2001. First Slaveso Jamestown\The first 20 African slaves arrived in Jamestown, Virginia for the use of British colonists.Zhttp://www.wvculture.org/history/timeline.html Taken from the Internet, October 25, 2001.$First Europeans to See West Virginia$John Lederer, German physician in the employ of colonial governor William Berkeley, and his companions reach the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains and apparently become the first Europeans to see what is now West Virginia. Whttp://members.aol.com/jeff560/wv-hist.html Taken from the Internet, October 25, 2001. First Churchy ShepherdstownhThe first church in West Virginia, the Potomoke Church, is founded by Presbyterians at Shepherdstown. Whttp://members.aol.com/jeff560/wv-hist.html Taken from the Internet, October 25, 2001.First European Settlementv Bunker Hill{According to tradition, Morgan Morgan makes the first permanent settlement at Bunker Hill on Mill Creek in Berkeley County.Whttp://members.aol.com/jeff560/wv-hist.html Taken from the Internet, October 25, 2001.American RevolutionO Z[Last battle of the Revolution was fought at Fort Henry, Wheeling, Ohio County, in 1782. http://www.callwva.com/facts/dates.cfm Taken from the Internet, October 25, 2001 and http://webpages.homestead.com/revwar/files/INDEX.HTM Taken from the Internet, July 3, 2001.First Newspaperc ShepherdstownThe first newspaper in what is now West Virginia, Potomac Guardian and Berkeley Advertiser, is established by Nathaniel Willis at Shepherdstown. bhttp://www.martinsburg.com/state.history/importan.html Taken from the Internet, October 25, 2001.Slavery Controversy Eruptsj Controversy between eastern and western sections of Virginia flares up in constitutional convention; Virginia counties west of the Allegheny Mountains protest when the state convention draws up a constitution that favors the slave-holding counties in representation. Whttp://members.aol.com/jeff560/wv-hist.html Taken from the Internet, October 25, 2001.New Virginia ConstitutionͺNew Virginia Constitution adopted giving the people in western Virginia the voting and representation rights of the people in eastern Virginia. Xhttp://www.marshall.edu/orahist/regtime.html Taken from the Internet, November 8, 2001.James Brown's Revolt Harpers FerryQJohn Brown and his followers seized the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County. Their goal was to ignite a slave rebellion and establish a colony for runaway slaves in Maryland. The raid was a disaster for Brown. He and his men were trapped in a small engine house and local slaves did not revolt as expected. Ironically, the first casualty of the raid was a free black baggage handler, Heyward Shepherd, who was shot when he confronted the raiders. Brown was hanged for treason in Charles Town on December 2, after declaring slavery would not be abolished without great bloodshed.Zhttp://www.wvculture.org/history/timeline.html Taken from the Internet, October 25, 2001.American Civil Warl7West Virginia provided to the Union Army 31,872 regular army troops, 133 sailors and marines, and 196 United States Colored Troops, during that terrible conflict of 1861-1865. It is also estimated that somewhere between 16,000 and 20,000 men served in the Confederate Army in this war of "brother versus brotherhttp://www.wvcivilwar.com/ Taken from the Internet, October 25, 2001 and http://www.us-civilwar.com/ Taken from the Internet July 3, 2001.Gradual Emancipation of SlavesaThe West Virginia Statehood bill was passed by the Senate, changing the slavery provision of the West Virginia Constitution to allow for the gradual emancipation of slavery. After Senator Charles Sumner had demanded that immediate emancipation be included in the final bill, Waitman Willey proposed the compromise for gradual emancipation, which passed.Zhttp://www.wvculture.org/history/timeline.html Taken from the Internet, October 25, 2001.%First Slaves Freed by Abraham Lincoln Williamsport@The scene was the jail where Confederate slave owners, fearing that Union forces would release them, chained their slaves to the walls of the cells and left them. President Lincoln heard of their plight and ordered their release. William Morris, jailer at the time, refused to open the cell doors without a written order from their masters. When Milroy heard of this refusal, he ordered Chalfant to proceed to Pruntytown and "liberate from confinement in the jail" and to "punish these who have unjustly and illegally imprisoned said contrabands and refused to yield obedience to 'Special Order No. 100' issued from these headquarters, November 22, 1862." The slaves were released and taken to Grafton. Some chose to stay there while others boarded a train to Ohio. The Emancipation Proclamation was issued on January 1, 1863. [http://www.wvculture.org/history/wvhs121.html#2 Taken from the Internet, October 29, 2001.Becomes a StateThe glory of West Virginia's birth was almost totally unnoticed under the shock of the war, partly accounting for its cloudy identity even now. Virginia voted to secede from the Union in 1861, despite opposition from most of the region west of the Alleghenies. The result was that what was later to be West Virginia broke away and formed the pro-Union Restored State of Virginia.The "Restored" Virginia gave its blessing to the new State and laid the problem in the busy hands of the Federal goverment after a new constitution had been ratified. After much wrangling , Congress approved admission of the State and on December 10, 1862, the legislation went to the White House for President Lincoln's approval and signature. On June 20, 1863, it was a fact. bhttp://www.martinsburg.com/state.history/statehoo.html Taken from the Internet, October 26, 2001.First National Labor Strike MartinsburgqGovernor Mathews sends the state militia to Martinsburg, where Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers had been stopping trains to protest wage cuts. When many militia members sympathized with the strikers, President Rutherford B. Hayes dispatched federal troops to break the first national labor strike. The strike spread to Maryland, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and New York.Whttp://members.aol.com/jeff560/wv-hist.html Taken from the Internet, October 26, 2001.Storer College Opens Harpers FerryStorer was the first African- American college in West Virginia. The institution had been established by the Free Will Baptist church as a school for runaway slaves during the Civil War. In 1867, Storer was incorporated by the state as a school for African Americans under the leadership of the Rev. Nathan C. Brackett. Storer trained many prominent black educators and lawyers during its nearly ninety-year history.Zhttp://www.wvculture.org/history/timeline.html Taken from the Internet, October 25, 2001.&West Virginia University Becomes Co-EdThe faculty of West Virginia University votes to allow admission of women. (The state Legislature had earlier rejected legislation to make WVU a coeducational institution.)Whttp://members.aol.com/jeff560/wv-hist.html Taken from the Internet, October 26, 2001.#Mother Jones Comes to West VirginiaoMary Harris "Mother" Jones is sent into West Virginia for the first time to organize miners, and delivers speeches in Monongah and Flemington. Whttp://members.aol.com/jeff560/wv-hist.html Taken from the Internet, October 26, 2001./Williams v. Board of Education of Tucker Countyg Tucker County,Carrie Williams was a black teacher in the segregated school system of Tucker County. The board of education tried to save money by cutting African-American school term from eight to five months. Williams taught for the entire eight-month term and sued the board for the extra three-months' pay. Williams' lawyer J. R. Clifford argued that African-American schools should receive the same funding and have the same rights as white schools. Williams' court victory was the first in the nation to determine discrimination on the basis of color to be illegal.Zhttp://www.wvculture.org/history/timeline.html Taken from the Internet, October 25, 2001. Coal Mining+First big mine strike in West Virginia. Xhttp://www.marshall.edu/orahist/regtime.html Taken from the Internet, November 8, 2001.WW IU. S. enters World War I. West Virginia Selective Service registrants number nearly 325,000. Over 45,000 see active service and 624 are killed in action. Whttp://members.aol.com/jeff560/wv-hist.html Taken from the Internet, October 26, 2001.The "Matewan Massacre"Matewan]Chief of Police Sid Hatfield attempts to arrest detectives hired by coal operators to evict families of fired union miners from company housing. In the shootout that followed, ten people died including Matewan Mayor Cable C. Testerman. The "Matewan Massacre" makes Sid Hatfield a folk hero to miners throughout the state and a national celebrity. Whttp://members.aol.com/jeff560/wv-hist.html Taken from the Internet, October 26, 2001. Sales Tax9West Virginia became the first state to have a sales tax.Whttp://www.swcp.com/~dhickman/wvfirsts.html Taken from the Internet, November 8, 2001.The Hawks Nest Incident'+The New-Kanawha Power Company broke ground on the Hawks Nest Tunnel and Dam, part of the New River power project, with an estimated 800 men employed. Over the next five years, at least 476 workers, mostly migrant African Americans from the South, died from silicosis, a disease caused by inhaling silica rock particles. The deaths were attributed to inadequate safety practices by the contractors, Rinehart and Dennis, who were employed by the Union Carbide Corporation. Some of the dead were buried in a mass grave to hide the actual number of casualties. Fifty years later, one study placed the death toll as high as 764, making it the worst industrial disaster in United States history.Zhttp://www.wvculture.org/history/timeline.html Taken from the Internet, October 25, 2001.Shinnston Tornadov?North-central West Virginia is battered by the Shinnston Tornado, perhaps the most powerful tornado ever to enter the state. According to a 1999 article in the Charleston Daily Mail, there were 152 deaths, 116 of which were in West Virginia. About 60 people were killed in and near Shinnston. A listing of the deadliest tornadoes in U. S. history shows 100 deaths and ranks it as the fourteenth deadliest tornado. Whttp://members.aol.com/jeff560/wv-hist.html Taken from the Internet, October 26, 2001.0Kanawha County School BoardTextbook ControversyjkThe Kanawha County school board begins removing controversial textbooks and students at George Washington High School in Charleston walk out in protest. Coal miners staged a wildcat strike in support of the textbook critics; many county schools were closed during the 1974-1975 school year because of boycotts and bombings by citizens' groups crusading against what they considered to be unpatriotic and immoral textbooks.Whttp://members.aol.com/jeff560/wv-hist.html Taken from the Internet, October 26, 2001.