GLÿÿCEventAmerican Civil WarlÈÿÿ™ÎÿÿÿÿCNoteBhttp://www.us-civilwar.com/ Taken from the Internet July 3, 2001.€American RevolutionÑOÿÿ Zÿÿ€NBegan with the Declaration of Independence and ended with the Treaty of Paris.[http://webpages.homestead.com/revwar/files/INDEX.HTM Taken from the Internet, July 3, 2001€Battle of BenningtoniQÿÿÍÍÍÍNew York€ÿ÷The Battle of Bennington took place on August 16, 1777 between a British raiding party and colonialist militiamen. General John Burgoyne was the Commander of the British Army. New England militiamen and Green Mountain Boys led by General John Stark were going to Bennington to get more supplies. This group of men had been recruited by Ethan Allen and Seth Warner. When they met the British on the outskirts of town, the militiamen ambushed the British soldiers. There were 207 British killed and 700 more taken as prisoners. Colonel Baum was killed in the battle. Only thirty Americans were killed and forty wounded. The Continental victory at the Battle of Bennington spread through the Colonies and the morale of the Continentals was increased. jhttp://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Ranch/9198/revwar/benningt.htm Taken from the Internet, July 23, 2001.€Becomes a State½dÿÿÍÍÍÍ€-Vermont was the 14th state to join the union.Hwww.50states.com/statehood1.htm Taken from the Internet, July 16, 2001.€Capture of Ft. Ticonderoga,NÿÿÍÍÍÍ€lEthan Allen And the Green Mountain Boys captured Fort Ticonderoya from the British in the Revolutionary War.Ähttp://www.k12.nf.ca/matthew/north/Vermont/HISTORy.htm Taken from the Internet, July 21, 2001. and, Dodge, Bertha S. Tales of Vermont Ways and People. Harrisburg: Stackpole Books, 1977. p. 20-22.€/First African-American Pastor of a White ChurchÉYÿÿÍÍÍÍRutland€[Lemuel Haynes becomes the first African-American Pastor of a white congregation in America.Zhttp://www.virtualvermont.com/history/firsts.html Taken from the Internet, July 21, 2001.€*First American Woman to Become an AttorneyMõÿÿÍÍÍÍ€ÿ MYRA COLBY BRADWELL (1831-1894) Lawyer and editor, born in Manchester, Vermont. After marrying attorney James Bradwell, she studied law, ostensibly in order to assist her husband in his practice. She passed the bar exam in 1869, but was denied admission. Meanwhile, she established the pioneer weekly Chicago Legal News in 1868. In 1882, she got Illinois to grant everyone access to professions irrespective of gender, and was finally admitted to the bar in 1892. She is considered the first American woman to become an attorney. Fhttp://www.virtualvermont.com/ Taken from the Internet July 23, 2001.€First European visitor‰aþÿÍÍÍÍ€†Vermont was first seen by European eyes in 1609, when the French explorer Samuel de Champlain sailed the lake that now bears his name.Mhttp://www.uvm.edu/state/vthist.html Taken from the Internet, July 21, 2001.€"First Permanent English SettlementœÿÿÍÍÍÍ Fort Dummer€ÿ"The first permanent English settlement was established along the Connecticut River in 1724 at Fort Dummer, near what is now Brattleboro. The fort was maintained by the colonial governments of Massachusetts and New Hampshire as a defensive outpost throughout the French and Indian Wars. Rhttp://www.piecesofvermont.com/brief.html Taken from the Internet, July 21, 2001.€First ski tow in the US81ÍÍÍÍ Woodstock€Ghttp://www.virtualvermont.com/ Taken from the Internet, July 23, 2001.€ John Dewey7ÆÿÿçJ Burlington€*Philosopher, psychologist, educator Zhttp://www.virtualvermont.com/history/jdewey.html Taken from the Internet, July 21, 2001.€ Joseph Smith,yÿÿÑ°ÿÿSharon€ÿPFounder of The Mormons; he received his first "call' as a prophet at Manchester, New York, in 1820. Violence followed his announcement as a candidate for the US presidency. He was imprisoned for conspiracy and killed by a mob which broke into the jail in Carthage, Illinois, where he and his brother Hyram were awaiting trial. Zhttp://www.virtualvermont.com/history/jsmith.html Taken from the Internet, July 21, 2001.€Montpelier Becomes Capital,yÿÿÍÍÍÍ€[Montpelier became the Vermont State Capital in 1805 and was incorporated as a city in 1895.Rhttp://www.vtliving.com/towns/montpelier/ Taken from the Internet, July 23, 2001.€Slavery Abolished:QÿÿÍÍÍÍ€ÿÄThe Vermont Constitution, first written in 1777, was the first to abolish slavery. Though it never mentions blacks (or Negroes, for that matter), and the Article is general enough to mean that no citizen in Vermont shall be a slave to anyone else without their consent, whether born here or not (note the curious exception, though, for those under the age of 21), it is clear that Article 1 is meant to abolish the specific slave trade of the time. Žhttp://www.theusandthemalmanac.com/07/jul02.html and http://www.usconstitution.net/vtconstnotes.html Taken from the Internet, July 23, 2001.€ST. Albans RaidÉÍÿÿÍÍÍÍ St. Albans€ÿ‰Twenty cavalrymen, organized by Confederate agent George Sanders and led by Lieutenant Bennett Young, swooped down out of Canada and took over St. Albans, Vermont in what was to go down in history as the northernmost engagement of the Civil War. With his gun drawn, Young mounted the steps of a hotel and shouted: "This city is now in the possession of the Confederate States of America." [http://www.virtualvermont.com/history/staraid.html Taken from the Internet, July 21, 2001.€*The Vermont Republican Party was Organized"¿ÿÿÍÍÍÍ Montpelier€áThis was nearly two years before the national Republican Party was formed. The Vermont Republican Party was created to oppose slavery, particularly to stop the spread of slavery in the United States and its territories. Chttp://www.vermontgop.org/ Taken from the Internet, July 23, 2001.€Ticonderoga Ferry‹7ÿÿÍÍÍÍLake Champlain€ÿIt crosses Lake Champlain between New York and Vermont. The Fort Ticonderoga Ferry has operated on Lake Champlain since 1799 officially and since 1759 on an unorganized basis. Only a few businesses in the United States can claim to have served the American public longer.Jhttp://www.vtonly.com/history.htm Taken from the Internet, July 21, 2001.€Vermont Achieves Independence–Pÿÿ3eÿÿ Westminster€ÿoVermont had been a territory, claimed by both New York and New Hampshire. Most of the new settlers who came to Vermont were from Connecticut or Massachusetts and persistently resisted the claims of authority by New York. Resistance to the "Yorkers" brought the organization of the Green Mountain Boys under the leadership of Col. Ethan Allen in 1775. On January 17 1777, Vermont was declared an independent republic in a meeting held at Westminster. This independent course, with the little republic minting its own coin and providing postal service, was followed until 1791 when Vermont was admitted to the union. Rhttp://www.piecesofvermont.com/brief.html Taken from the Internet, July 21, 2001.€Vermont is Named:QÿÿÍÍÍÍ€ÿºDr. Thomas Young was a Pennsylvania statesman who took a great deal of interest in the young republic in the mountains. It was he who had suggested that Pennsylvania's constitution be used as the basis for Vermont's, and that was done. He also is credited with having suggested the name Vermont to perpetuate the memory of the Green Mountain Boys, who were named for the long north-south ridge of mountains that nearly bisects the state. _http://www.virtualvermont.com/history/vermontname.html Taken from the Internet, July 21, 2001.