GLCEventFirst European Explorer CNoteSailing from a base in Jamaica, Alonso Alvarez de Pineda, a Spanish adventurer, was the first known European to explore and map the Texas coastline. Xhttp://www.lsjunction.com/events/events.htm Taken from the Internet, September 1, 2001.European TradersGalveston islandCabeza de Vaca shipwrecked on what is believed today to be Galveston Island. After trading in the region for some six years, he later explored the Texas interior on his way to Mexico. Xhttp://www.lsjunction.com/events/events.htm Taken from the Internet, September 1, 2001.First Spanish MissionEl PasoPCorpus Christi de la Isleta was the first Spanish mission and pueblo in Texas. [http://www.blue-harvest.com/texas/history.html Taken from the Internet, September 4, 2001.French Claim Texast Matagorda BayRobert Cavelier, Sieur de LaSalle established Fort St. Louis at Matagorda Bay, and thus formed the basis for France's claim to Texas. Two years later, LaSalle was murdered by his own men. Xhttp://www.lsjunction.com/events/events.htm Taken from the Internet, September 1, 2001.Spanish MissionarieshTo further its claim to Texas, Spaniards instituted the mission system. Between 1690 and 1793, 36 missions were established in Texas. Yhttp://members.tripod.com/aries46/lonestar.htm Taken from the Internet, September4, 2001.Texas Rangers FormedڒThe Mexican government, wracked by political and economic turmoil following Independence, cannot protect its northern territories from attack by hostile Indians. Under the pressure of Indian raids, two companies of "men . . . to act as rangers for the common defense" are formed under Stephen F. Austin's authority as empresario. These men are commonly regarded as the first Texas Rangers. Xhttp://www.texasranger.org/HFM/Timeline.htm Taken from the Internet, September 4, 2001.English Colonization of Texas( Brazos RiverIStephen Fuller Austin is considered the founder of Anglo-American Texas. He received a grant from the Mexican government and began colonization in the region of the Brazos River. Austin is remembered in Texas history for his many efforts on behalf of Texas before, during, and immediately after Texas' Revolution with Mexico. http://www.lsjunction.com/events/events.htm and http://www.lsjunction.com/people/austin.htm Taken from the Internet, September 1, 2001.Battle of GonzalesWDifferences between Texas and Mexico progressed from the talking stage to the shooting stage at The Battle of Gonzales, generally considered to be the first battle of the Texas Revolution. Zhttp://www.lsjunction.com/events/gonzales.htm Taken from the Internet, September 1, 2001.Battle of San Jacinto!"Measured by its results, San Jacinto was one of the decisive battles of the world. The freedom of Texas from Mexico won here led to annexation and to the Mexican War, resulting in the acquisition by the United States of the States of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, California, Utah, and parts of Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas and Oklahoma. Almost one third of the present area of the American nation, nearly a million square miles of territory, changed sovereignty." Zhttp://www.lsjunction.com/events/jacinto.htm Taken from the Internet, September 1, 2001.Battle of the AlamoߤThe battle ended with the deaths of all its defenders (numbering about 190). The Mexican army of Santa Anna numbered 4,000 to 5,000 during its final charge. Among those killed were David Crockett, Jim Bowie and William B. Travis. A subsequent massacre of Texans who had surrendered at Goliad on March 27 led to the battle cry of Texas' independence, "Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad." [http://www.blue-harvest.com/texas/history.html Taken from the Internet, September 4, 2001.%The Texas Declaration of IndependenceThe Texas Declaration of Independence was produced, literally, overnight. Its urgency was paramount, because while it was being prepared, the Alamo in San Antonio was under seige by Santa Anna's army of Mexico. The Republic of Texas is born.http://www.texasranger.org/HFM/Timeline.htm and http://www.lsjunction.com/docs/tdoi.htm Taken from the Internet, September 1, 2001.Becomes a State;Texas was annexed to the United States as the 28th state. [http://www.blue-harvest.com/texas/history.html Taken from the Internet, September 4, 2001.Mexican-American War_War ignited as a result of disputes over claims to Texas boundaries. The outcome of the war fixed Texas' southern boundary at the Rio Grande River. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed, ending the War with Mexico and specifying the location of the international boundary. http://www.lsjunction.com/events/events.htm and http://www.texasalmanac.com/annexation_2000.htm Taken from the Internet, September 4, 2001.Compromise of 1850xDuring its early years of statehood, Texas claimed territory about fifty percent larger than its present boundary, including parts of the present states of New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado and Wyoming. Much of this land was contested by other groups, with the result that emotions on both sides of the issue reached the point of hostility by 1850. Although Texas lost almost one-third of its territory under the plan, the settlement also included compensation of $10,000,000, which provided much needed funding for Texas to pay its pre-statehood debts. The plan defined the familiar boundaries known by all Texans today. Zhttp://www.lsjunction.com/events/comp1850.htm Taken from the Internet, September 4, 2001.American Civil WarlThe last land engagement of the Civil War was fought at the Battle of Palmito Ranch in far south Texas, on May 13, 1865, more than a month after Gen. Lee's surrender at Appomattox, VA. http://www.lsjunction.com/events/events.htm Taken from the Internet, September 4, 2001 and http://webpages.homestead.com/revwar/files/INDEX.HTM Taken from the Internet, July 3, 2001 Texas Secedes}Texas seceded from the Federal Union following a 171 to 6 vote by the Secession Convention. Governor Sam Houston was one of a small minority opposed to secession. Xhttp://www.lsjunction.com/events/events.htm Taken from the Internet, September 4, 2001.Slavery Abolished GalvestonGen. Gordon Granger arrives to announce that slavery has been abolished, an event commemorated today by the festival known as Juneteenth. `http://www.texasalmanac.com/reconstruction_2000.htm Taken from the Internet, September 4, 2001.Salt WarEl PasoDisputes over the control of salt deposits near El Paso leads to the El Paso Salt War. Men from the El Paso area are quickly enlisted as Texas Rangers to maintain order until experienced Rangers can arrive. The novice Rangers are attacked and surrounded. They surrender a prisoner who is later killed. The Texas Rangers are eventually able to restore order and end the "Salt War." After this incident "never surrender" becomes part of the Ranger creed. Xhttp://www.texasranger.org/HFM/Timeline.htm Taken from the Internet, September 4, 2001.University of Texas Starts)Classes begin at The University of Texas.`http://www.texasalmanac.com/reconstruction_2000.htm Taken from the Internet, September 4, 2001.The Great Hurricane GalvestonThe greatest natural disaster in human terms ever to strike North America, destroys much of Galveston and kills 6,000 people there. `http://www.texasalmanac.com/reconstruction_2000.htm Taken from the Internet, September 4, 2001.Discovery of OilxThe discovery of "black gold" at the Spindletop oil field near Beaumont launched Texas into a century of oil exploration, electronics, and manned space travel. Xhttp://www.lsjunction.com/events/events.htm Taken from the Internet, September 4, 2001.Death of Bonnie and Clyde81Former Texas Rangers Frank Hamer and Manny Gault are commissioned as special investigators to end the crime spree of notorious outlaws Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker. The criminal duo broke into the Texas State prison in Huntsville to rescue a gang member, and shot their way out of two previous attempted arrests. Hamer and Gault decide to take no chances. They set up an ambush on a rural Louisiana road and pour a hail of bullets into the car. The shooting ends the lives of Bonnie & Clyde, but gives birth to a legend. Xhttp://www.texasranger.org/HFM/Timeline.htm Taken from the Internet, September 4, 2001.First Texas-born PresidentTLQDwight D. Eisenhower becomes the first Texas-born President of the United States.Vhttp://www.texasalmanac.com/20th_2000.htm Taken from the Internet, September 4, 2001.Kennedy Assassinated)[DallasPresident John F. Kennedy was assassinated during a motorcade through downtown Dallas. Vice-President Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas was sworn in as president aboard the presidential airplane at Dallas' Love Field airport that same day. [http://www.blue-harvest.com/texas/history.html Taken from the Internet, September 4, 2001.Seige of Mount CarmelWacoFederal agents storm the compound called Mount Carmel near Waco, where cult leader David Koresh and his followers, called Branch Davidians, had reportedly been storing a large cache of assault weapons. The assault and ensuing fire kill four agents and 86 Branch Davidians.Vhttp://www.texasalmanac.com/20th_2000.htm Taken from the Internet, September 4, 2001.