GLCEventAmerican Civil WarlCNoteThe Civil War in Oregon mostly involved guarding reservations or pursuing native peoples who were masters of escape in their own homelands. whttp://www.sos.state.or.us/BlueBook/1999_2000/cultural/history/history16.htm Taken from the Internet, October 9, 2001.Arrival of Grandma Brown West YualatinTabitha Moffat Brown was born in Brimfield, Massachusetts, in 1 May 1780. In 1846, at 66 years of age, she crossed the plains to Oregon with her son as wagon master and settled at West Tualatin near Forest Grove. In 1847 she founded a home and school for orphan children of pioneer immigrants and became affectionately known as "Grandma Brown." The log church she used for a school was officially established as Tualatin Academy in 1848 and later became Pacific University. Vhttp://www.onthisdayinoregon.com/05_01.html Taken from the Internet, October 9, 2001.Becomes a StateAdmission as a state was delayed by the race issues in the constitution and by Republican fears of admitting a Democratic State.SDodds, Gordon B. Oregon: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1977. p. 102.-Beginning of the Consumer Protection MovementSarah A. Evans, appointed first City Market Inspector in the U.S., marks the beginning of the consumer-protection movement. ^http://id.mind.net/~vp1ash/oregon/history.html#1542 Taken from the Internet, October 9, 2001.British Come to ExploreRCape FoulweatherCaptain James Cook, aboard H.M.S. Resolution, made a landfall on the central Oregon coast. He commemorated the day by naming the headland Cape Foulweather. A famed mariner who had twice before explored the Pacific, Cook was sent to find the Northwest Passage, a mythical sea route through the continent. He could not find what did not exist, but Cook sailed north to the Arctic Ocean and charted much of the outer coast.whttp://www.sos.state.or.us/BlueBook/1999_2000/cultural/history/history05.htm Taken from the Internet, October 4, 2001.Dawes General Allotment Act*GBased on the premis that communal ownership and tribal governemnt were what was keeping First Natins People from the mainstream, (and pushed by those who wanted their lands) the act urged that reservations be broken up and individuals be given parcels of land. It mostly just reduced the land base held by First Nations people.SDodds, Gordon B. Oregon: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1977. p. 127. Discovery of the Columbia RiverofRobert Gray's discovery did much to encourage other American fur traders, who used the Columbia as a winter haven and who, by the end of the century, controlled the sea otter trade. Of more universal significance is the fact that this rather offhand happenstance of a discovery was, outside of Arctic regions, among the last major coastal geographical features of the world to be revealed. As well, the presence of the United States was for the first time established in western America as well as on the Pacific.ahttp://www.teleport.com/~garski/oregon_history2.htm Taken from the Internet, September 27, 2001.Donation Land Act`]This act gave to new emigrants 160-320 acres of free land. I t excluded Hawaiians and blacks,RDodds, Gordon B. Oregon: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1977. p. 68.Exclusion of African AmericansѰActs to prohibit slavery and to exclude blacks and mulattoes from Oregon are passed. These laws were repeated under Terrotirial Government and again under State Constitution until destroyed by ammendments to the federal consitution after the Civil War. http://gesswhoto.com/events.html Taken from the Internet, October 9, 2001 and Dodds, Gordon B. Oregon: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1977. p. 69.Explorers Visit the Coast^ Rogue RiverThe first was a Spanish expedition sailing from Acapulco in 1542 under the command of Rodriguez Cabrillo. Following many mishaps, including the death of Cabrillo, his pilot, Ferrelo, reached the Rogue River in the spring of 1543.ahttp://www.teleport.com/~garski/oregon_history2.htm Taken from the Internet, September 27, 2001.First Attempt at Salmon Culture Gold BeachaR.D, Hume began the first efforts of private enterprise to propogate salmon on the Pacific Coast.RDodds, Gordon B. Oregon: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1977. p. 80.First Newspaper Oregon City;First newspaper, Oregon Spectator, founded in Oregon City thttp://www.sos.state.or.us/BlueBook/1999_2000/cultural/history/chron01.htm Taken fom the Internet, October 4, 2001. First SchoolFort VancouverTeacher is John Ball,^http://id.mind.net/~vp1ash/oregon/history.html#1542 Taken from the Internet, October 9, 2001.First White Woman in Oregon Fort GeorgeWJane Barnes, first white woman to land in the Pacific Northwest, arrives at Fort George^http://id.mind.net/~vp1ash/oregon/history.html#1542 Taken from the Internet, October 9, 2001.Fort Vancouver Built0Workmen build Fort Vancouver on Columbia River uhttp://www.sos.state.or.us/BlueBook/1999_2000/cultural/history/chron01.htm Taken from the Internet, October 4, 2001.Immigration of HawaiiansNKing Kamahamaha sent younf men out to learn western techniques and values through pratical experience, so as to cushion his country against foreigners. They became a vital labour supply in the fur trade.QDodds, Gordon B. Oregon: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1977. p. 67Japanese Immigrationr?Although Federal laws prevented them from becoming citizens, many Japanese came to oregon in the hopes of making some money to send to family back home, and to eventually return home themselve.SDodds, Gordon B. Oregon: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1977. p. 120.Lewis and Clark ExpeditionwzThere were three purposes to the expedition: to determine a route between the Missouri and Columbia rivers and thereby facilitate travel and trade; to report on the flora and fauna and geography of the region; to establish friendly relations with the Indians. Another purpose, though not stated, was to lay further basis for new territorial claims should the United States decide to make them. ahttp://www.teleport.com/~garski/oregon_history2.htm Taken from the Internet, September 27, 2001.Migration Via Oregon TrailcFFirst large migration of over 900 emigrants arrives via Oregon Trail uhttp://www.sos.state.or.us/BlueBook/1999_2000/cultural/history/chron01.htm Taken from the Internet, October 4, 2001.Missionaries from the USThe first to come was a 31-year-old Methodist, Jason Lee, a dedicated evangelist ready to suffer all hardships to save the natives of Oregon from damnation. Two years later, in 1836, four missionaries, Marcus and Narcissa Whitman and Henry and Eliza Spalding, sponsored by the Congregational, Presbyterian and Dutch Reformed churches, departed for Oregon. The missions did much to contribute to the early settlement of Oregon.ahttp://www.teleport.com/~garski/oregon_history3.htm Taken from the Internet, September 27, 2001.Oregon Provisional Government(~The Oregon Provisional Government played an important role in creating order on a frontier. For more than two decades the Hudson's Bay Company held and exercised civil authority and control of the fur trade, while maintaining peace in dealing with Indian tribes. Its power did not extend to American settlers and ended in 1846 with the Oregon Treaty. The Provisional Government filled the void. It provided for laws governing land claims, instituted taxation, formed counties, created the offices of governor and legislators, and set up a court system. Popularly elected representatives hammered out these decisions between 1843 and 1845.whttp://www.sos.state.or.us/BlueBook/1999_2000/cultural/history/history10.htm Taken from the Internet, October 4, 2001.Oregon Territory Establishedwhttp://www.sos.state.or.us/BlueBook/1999_2000/cultural/history/history12.htm Taken from the Internet, October 9, 2001.Segregation of Schools  MarshfieldThe Marshfield School Board instituted segregated education, alleging that the four African-American students "will materially retard the progress of the five hundred white children." whttp://www.sos.state.or.us/BlueBook/1999_2000/cultural/history/history18.htm Taken from the Internet, October 9, 2001.(Supreme Court Ruling on Discovery RightsڒChief Justice John Marshall ruled in a matter involving former Indian lands. Marshall opined in Johnson v. McIntosh that because natives were wanderers over the face of the earth, their rights were impaired and subordinate to the "discovery rights" of Europeans. While tribes retained an occupancy right, title was not vested in them. The Marshall ruling became a convenient justification to dispossess hundreds of tribes of their homelands. whttp://www.sos.state.or.us/BlueBook/1999_2000/cultural/history/history07.htm Taken from the Internet, October 4, 2001.The Cayuse War`Columbia Pateau)A band of Cayuse men murdered Dr. Marcus and Narcissa Whitman and a dozen others. They were fed up with illness brought to them by the immigrants. It took several years to get the Cayuse to hand over the murderers to the government. Eventually, five Cayuse men were tried, found guilty and hanged.whttp://www.sos.state.or.us/BlueBook/1999_2000/cultural/history/history11.htm Taken from the Internet, October 9, 2001.The Oregon Stage Company Began5*Sacramento to Portland'The Oregon Stage Company began staging operations between Sacramento and Portland. Owned by Henry C. Corbett, the company's placards were posted to advertise the "Oregon Line Stages...which go through in six days to Sacramento." Service continued until Oregon and California were linked by rail.Vhttp://www.onthisdayinoregon.com/07_01.html Taken from the Internet, October 9, 2001.The Oregon TreatyIn 1845 President James K. Polk informed Great Britain he wanted resolution of the issue of sovereignty in the Pacific Northwest. In the agreement reached in 1828, the nations had one year in which to resolve the long-simmering "Oregon Question." Resolution came on June 15, 1846, in the Oregon Treaty. The two countries agreed to extend the boundary on the 49th parallel westward from the crest of the Rockies to the primary channel between Vancouver Island and the continent. British citizens and the Hudson's Bay Company retained trading and navigational rights in the Columbia River, though the United States subsequently terminated those privileges in 1859. whttp://www.sos.state.or.us/BlueBook/1999_2000/cultural/history/history10.htm Taken from the Internet, October 4, 2001.The Pacific Fur Company FoundedNAstoriaTo attain his goals in Oregon, John Jacob Astor planned a two-prong approach. He outfitted the Tonquin, a ship under Captain Jonathan Thorn, with trade goods, tools, and everything needed to sustain his new fort on the Columbia. Sailing in September, 1810, the Tonquin arrived in March 1811 at the Columbia River. Astor also ordered Wilson Price Hunt to lead an overland party, which departed from St. Louis in September 1810 for an arduous and nearly fatal winter crossing of the continent. Ultimately, in spite of drownings at the mouth of the Columbia and terrible privations for the overland party, the Astorians began clearing the dense spruce forest to erect their fort.xhttp://www.sos.state.or.us/BlueBook/1999_2000/cultural/history/history06.htm Taken from the Internet, October 4, 2001.Wheeler-Howard Act81This act permitted First Nations people to regroup into federally chartered tribes with limited powers of slef government and with eligibility for programs of federal economic assistance.SDodds, Gordon B. Oregon: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1977. p. 192.