GLCEventClaimed for EnglandbCNotekHenry Hudson claimed the Hudson Bay watershed, which included much of eastern North Dakota for England. Shttp://www.state.nd.us/hist/chrono.htm Taken from the Internet, November 24, 2001.Claimed for FranceLaSalle claimed the entire Mississippi River drainage which included the Missouri River drainage in North Dakota, for France. Shttp://www.state.nd.us/hist/chrono.htm Taken from the Internet, November 24, 2001.Sacajawea or Sakakawea7[9Shoshoni woman who, with her husband Toussaint Charbonneau, served as interpreter and guide for the Lewis & Clark Expedition. Sacagawea proved invaluable. When the expedition encountered a tribe of Shoshone led by her brother, Sacagawea obtained food, horses, and guides, which allowed the explorers to continue.http://www.ipl.org/youth/stateknow/nd2.html and http://encarta.msn.com/find/concise.asp?mod=1&ti=05AF9000&page=7#5 Taken from the Internet, November 25, 2001.First White SettlementwsPembinaIn 1800, Alexander Henry Jr. established a fur post at Park River. Henry moved his establishment to Pembina in 1801, and it became the nucleus for the first white settlement in what is now North Dakota. By this date, fur traders from Canada were frequent visitors to this region and a trade route had been established between posts near Lake Winnipeg and the Missouri River Indian villages. Rhttp://www.state.nd.us/hist/chrono.htm Taken fom the Internet, November 24, 2001.The Louisiana PurchaseQvAfter years of lands passing amongst France, England and Spain, France sold a huge tract of territory to the United States and inaugurated American ownership of lands now included in North Dakota. Shttp://www.state.nd.us/hist/ndhist.htm Taken from the Internet, November 24, 2001.Lewis and Clark ExpeditionwzAn expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark entered North Dakota and wintered near the present town of Washburn on its way to the Pacific Coast. This temporary post, Fort Mandan, was frequently visited by nearby First Nations peoples. In 1806, the expedition returned down the river on its way back to St. Louis. This journey marked the first major American penetration of the area and was characterized by amicable relationships with native inhabitants. Shttp://www.state.nd.us/hist/chrono.htm Taken from the Internet, November 24, 2001.First Permanent White Settlemen)PembinaDA group of Scottish and Irish settlers under the sponsorship of Thomas Douglas, 5th earl of Selkirk, left Winnipeg in what is now Canada to start a colony at Pembina. These settlers began farming and built log houses and a stockade, which they named Fort Daer. In 1818 they founded the state's first church and first school.ohttp://encarta.msn.com/find/concise.asp?mod=1&ti=05AF9000&page=7#5 Taken from the Internet, November 25, 2001.Smallpox EpidemicԦ Fort ClarkdA smallpox epidemic virtually annihilated the First Nations people, the Mandan, near Fort Clark. Shttp://www.state.nd.us/hist/chrono.htm Taken from the Internet, November 24, 2001.American Civil WarlIn the fall of 1861, the War Department authorized the governor of Dakota Territory to raise two companies of cavalry for the War of the Rebellion, to be employed in patrolling and garrison duty in the territory. Three recruiting stations were established by Governor Jayne, by proclamation of December 7, 1861, viz.: At Yankton, Vermillion, and a third at Bon Homme, at that time the three principal towns on the Missouri slope. http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/sd/military/cw.htm Taken from the Internet, November 25, 2001 and http://www.us-civilwar.com/ Taken from the Internet July 3, 2001.Dakota Teritory Established<Congress created the Dakota Territory, which consisted of the present-day states of North Dakota and South Dakota, and most of Montana and Wyoming. The name was taken from that of the Dakota. In their language, Dakota means "allies." William Jayne was appointed the first governor by President Abraham Lincoln. http://www.state.nd.us/hist/chrono.htm and http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/ndfahtml/ngp_nd_terr.html Taken from the Internet, November 24, 2001.,Fort Berthold Indian Reservation EstablishedThe Fort Berthold Indian Reservation was established and treaties between the Sioux and Chippewa and the U.S. government ceded most of present-day eastern North Dakota to the Federal government. Shttp://www.state.nd.us/hist/chrono.htm Taken from the Internet, November 24, 2001.Settlement BoomA great settlement "boom" in northern Dakota occurred between 1879 and 1886. During those years, over 100,000 people entered the territory. The majority were homesteaders, but some were organized large, highly mechanized, well capitalized bonanza farms.Shttp://www.state.nd.us/hist/ndhist.htm Taken from the Internet, November 24, 2001.Theodore Roosevelt RanchesuMedoraThe future President Theodore Roosevelt was the most famous person who ranched in that area, near Medora. In 1883 he bought his first ranch, the Maltese Cross. During the next five years Roosevelt spent a few months of each year in the area, and kept a small herd of cattle until 1898. Years later, he said, "I never would have been President if it had not been for my experiences in North Dakota." khttp://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/ndfahtml/ngp_nd_ranch.html Taken from the Internet, November 24, 2001.Becomes a StatePresident Benjamin Harrison approved the admission of North Dakota to the Union. The new state was a Republican Party stronghold. The first Governor, John Miller, presided over a turbulent initial legislative session that, among other issues, fought about the question of legalizing lotteries and prohibition. Both North and South Dakota were admitted to the United States at the same time. Since President Benjamin Harrison did not want to show favoritism, after he signed the Act of Admissions papers for North Dakota and South Dakota, he mixed them up. Therefore, their order of admissions is listed alphabetically, with North Dakota the 39th state and South Dakota the 40th state. http://www.state.nd.us/hist/ndhist.htm and http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/ndfahtml/ngp_nd_terr.html Taken from the Internet, Novemebr 24, 2001.Second Population Boom?This second boom increased the population from 190,983 in 1890 to 646,872 by 1920. Many were immigrants of Scandinavian or Germanic origin. Norwegians were the largest single ethnic group, and after 1885 many Germans immigrated from enclaves in the Russian Ukraine. A small, but strong community of Scotch-Irish-English background played an especially influential role, contributing many of North Dakota's early business and political leaders. Many other groups, including Asians, Blacks, and Arabs, settled throughout North Dakota. So significant was this foreign immigration that in 1915 over 79% of all North Dakotans were either immigrants or children of immigrants. Thttp://www.state.nd.us/hist/ndhist.htm Taken from the Internet, Novemeber 24, 2001.First Airplane Flight Grand ForkswThe first airplane flight in North Dakota occurred at an exhibition in Grand Forks; the passenger was Frank V. Kent. Shttp://www.state.nd.us/hist/chrono.htm Taken from the Internet, November 24, 2001.#Formation of the Nonpartisan LeagueFrom the time North Dakota was first settled, farmers disliked having to deal with out-of-state banks, grain companies, and railroad companies. They also disliked the power these businesses held in North Dakota politics. Farmers felt that they were not being treated fairly. In 1915 farmers formed the Nonpartisan League (NPL) in North Dakota. NPL members thought that state ownership of grain elevators, flour mills, and banks would solve many of their problems. They trusted their own state more than they did outsiders. nhttp://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/ndfahtml/ngp_nd_politics.html Taken from the Internet, November 24, 2001.The Great Depression+(The Depression both slowed progress and sped change. Heavy farm debt loads and low commodity prices caused a crises of farm foreclosures and bank failures. Those farmers in a better financial position enlarged their holdings. Thousands of North Dakotans lost their farms and either moved into the cities and towns or from the state. One historian estimates that over 70% of the state's people required one form or another of public assistance. The toll in broken dreams, physical hunger and hardship, and displacement will never be completely measured.Shttp://www.state.nd.us/hist/ndhist.htm Taken from the Internet, November 24, 2001. International 9 Hole Golf Course+PortalThe 9 hole bent grass course was built in 1930. The club house and the 9th hole are located in the United States, while the first 8 holes and the 9th tee-off are in Canada. On the 9th tee the ball must travel from Canada across the International Boundary to land in the United States exactly one hour later ....( due to the daylight savings time difference between the two countries ). Rhttp://www.portalnd.org/page0008.html Taken from the Internet, November 25, 2001.World's Largest HamburgeruRutlandRutland hosted what was considered the grand-daddy of all celebrations when the town went into the "Guinness Book of World Records" with the cooking and eating of the World's Largest Hamburger. That year, between 8 and 10 thousand people came to sample the tasty 3591 pound burger. Vhttp://www.50states.com/facts/ndakota.htm Taken from the Internet, November 24, 2001.