GLCEvent#First Spanish Capital of New MexicoQOhkeCNote7An advance party of the Spanish expedition arrived at the northern New Mexico Tewa village of Ohkay Owingeh, located near the confluence of the Rio Grande and the Rio Chama. Here the Spanish decided to stop, renamed the village San Juan de Los Caballeros and established the first Spanish capital of New Mexico.Jhttp://www.nmgs.org/artcuar2.htm Taken from the Internet, March 19, 2002.Second Capital of New MexicoT San GabrielDFounded at the confluence of the Rio Grande and the Chama River. Vhttp://www.ppsa.com/magazine/NMtimeline.html Taken from the Internet, March 19, 2002.Spanish Inquisitiony2Spanish Inquisition established in New Mexico. Vhttp://www.ppsa.com/magazine/NMtimeline.html Taken from the Internet, March 19, 2002.Pueblo Revolt Against SpainThe uprising was led by a Pueblo priest calle Popay. At a prearranged signal, each Pueblo was to raze its mission church, then kill the resident priest and neighboring Spanish settlers. Once the outlying Spanish settlements were destroyed, the Pueblo forces would converge on the isolated capital of Santa Fe. Events occurred that cause the revolt to be far less organized than planned, but the Pueblos did manage to drive the Spanish to the most southern settlement of new Mexico.Jhttp://www.nmgs.org/artcuar2.htm Taken from the Internet, March 19, 2002."Re-conquest of New Mexico by SpainAIn 1690, Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponce de Leon was appointed Governor of New Mexico. It was his task to reconquer New Mexico. Diego de Vargas and a contingent of less than fifty soldiers, accompanied by three friars, left El Paso on August 17, 1692, and began an uneventful expedition north along the Rio Grande. In early September, de Vargas arrived at Santa Fe, where he found the old Spanish capital fortified and its inhabitants defiant. De Vargas, however, utilizing a masterful mix of diplomacy and a not so subtle threat of a siege, soon obtained their surrender. On September 14, 1692, de Vargas proclaimed a formal act of possession, and by the end of 1692, most of New Mexico's Pueblos had been officially restored to the Spanish empire without a shot being fired or any blood shed.Jhttp://www.nmgs.org/artcuar3.htm Taken from the Internet, March 19, 2002.First School Text PrintedhTaosSFirst school text printed in New Mexico by Padre Antonio Jose Martinez of Taos. Vhttp://www.ppsa.com/magazine/NMtimeline.html Taken from the Internet, March 19, 2002.Pike Expedition|CZebulon Pike leads first Anglo American expedition into New Mexico.Vhttp://www.ppsa.com/magazine/NMtimeline.html Taken from the Internet, March 19, 2002.$Mexico Gains Independence From Spain7The Treaty of Cordoba establishes Mexican independence from Spain. New Mexicans became official citizens of the Mexican republic rather than subjects of the Spanish monarchy. [http://www.nmmagazine.com/features/memorias3.html Taken from the Internet, March 20, 2002.Revolt of 1837A group in northern New Mexico issued a proclamation denouncing the new Mexican administration. This protest quickly escalated into a full scale revolt which Governor Perez attempted to suppress with a small and badly equipped militia company. Perez' force was overwhelmed by the rebels near Black Mesa, south of present-day Espaola. Perez was later captured and beheaded. Despite this victory, the rebels did not succeed in their efforts to establish a new government. The influential merchants and rancheros of the rio abajo did not lend their support to the revolt, and when a squadron of Dragoons from Mexico arrived at Santa Fe, the short lived Revolt of 1837 came to a bloody end. Jhttp://www.nmgs.org/artcuar5.htm Taken from the Internet, March 19, 2002.Mexican-American WarStephen Watts Kearny annexes New Mexico to the United States. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican War. The passage of the treaty allowed the United States to achieve its main objectives for participating in the war. The United States fought Mexico for the acquisition of New Mexico and California along with Mexicos recognition of the Rio Grande as Texass southern border. Although Mexico was paid 15 million dollars by the United States, the country lost 50% of its northern territories to the U.S., including Texas. http://www.ppsa.com/magazine/NMtimeline.html and http://www.cia-g.com/~rockets/dNMhist.facts.htm Taken from the Internet, March 19, 2002.Becomes a Territory`New Mexico (which included present-day Arizona, southern Colorado, southern Utah, and southern Nevada) is designated a territory but denied statehood.Vhttp://www.ppsa.com/magazine/NMtimeline.html Taken from the Internet, March 19, 2002.American Civil Warl.New Mexico was touched by the Civil War. July 26, 1861: In the first Civil War clash in New Mexico, Confederates capture Fort Fillmore near Las Cruces. Lt. Col. John Baylor's Rebels capture 400 Bluecoats fleeing to Fort Stanton. Within a week, Baylor establishes the Confederate Territory of Arizona.http://www.us-civilwar.com/ Taken from the Internet July 3, 2001 and http://www.nmmagazine.com/features/memorias3.html Taken from the Internet, March 20, 2002.Territory of Colorado OrganizedCongress organizes the Territory of Colorado, and a northern portion of New Mexico from the fertile San Luis Valley to the east is taken. Many longtime New Mexicans become citizens of Colorado. Zhttp://www.nmmagazine.com/features/memorias.html Taken from the Internet, March 20, 2002.Territory of Arizona CreatedGNew Mexico is partitioned in half. Territory of Arizona is created. Vhttp://www.ppsa.com/magazine/NMtimeline.html Taken from the Internet, March 19, 2002.Lincoln County WarSMThe trouble in Lincoln County had its origins in the aftermath of the Civil War. A man named Lawrence G. Murphy served with the New Mexico Volunteers. After the war he opened a store in Lincoln. He soon controlled the economic life of the county. Ill health caused him to have to sell off his businesses in 1876 to James Dolan and John H. Riley. These men wanted to control the economic life of Lincoln just as Murphy had. They would lead one of the two groups that fought in the Lincoln County War. On the other side were newcomers to the area. Their leader was Alexander A. McSween. McSween arrived in Lincoln in 1875. A lawyer, he was soon handling lawsuits, most of them against Murphy. Eventually, the confict turned bloody. Sympathizers for both sides got involved and the killing escalted. It ended with the killing of Billy the Kid. http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/Rapids/9755/NMLawlessness.html and http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/Rapids/9755/NMLincolnCountyWar.html Taken from the Internet, March 20, 2002.Becomes a State%Despite the myriad racial, religious, political, and economic issues which delayed every attempt at statehood, New Mexico's efforts never ceased. Finally, on June 20, 1910, President William H. Taft signed an Enabling Act which authorized the territory to call a constitutional convention in preparation for being admitted as a state. On October 3 of that year, one hundred delegates elected from every county in the territory, convened at Santa Fe and drafted a constitution which was approved by voters on January 21, 1911. New Mexico had taken the final step in its long journey towards becoming a full part of the United States of America. A delegation from New Mexico was present in Washington, D.C. when President Taft signed the proclamation admitting New Mexico as the 47th state. After signing the long awaited document at I :35 P.M., January 6,1912, the President turned to the delegation and said, "Well, it is all over. I am glad to give you life. I hope you will be healthy."New MexiZhttp://www.cia-g.com/~rockets/statehoodquest.htm Taken from the Internet, March 19, 2002.First Rio Grande Compact)Santa FeColorado, Texas and New Mexico signed the first Rio Grande Compact in Santa Fe. It placed five-year moratorium on water projects until water could be measured for apportionment. Zhttp://www.nmmagazine.com/features/memorias.html Taken from the Internet, March 20, 2002.Pluto Discovered*[New Mexico State University professor Clyde W. Tombaugh discovers the planet of Pluto. Zhttp://www.nmmagazine.com/features/memorias.html Taken from the Internet, March 20, 2002.New Mexicans LiberatedM@ PhilippinesCamp O'Donnell (Philippines) is liberated from Japan by U.S. troops. Many New Mexicans with the 200th and 515th coastal artillery units are discovered, having survived the Bataan Death March and several years of captivity. Camp Cabanatuan is liberated 6 days later. Zhttp://www.nmmagazine.com/features/memorias.html Taken from the Internet, March 20, 2002.#World's First Atomic Bomb Detonated@ AlamogordoThe world's first Atomic Bomb was detonated on the White Sands Testing Range near Alamogordo. North of the impact point a small placard marks the area known as Trinity Site. The bomb was designed and manufactured in Los Alamos. Uhttp://www.50states.com/facts/newmex.htm Taken from the Internet, February 27, 2002. Smokey BearGLincoln National ForestA fire crew fighting the Capitan Gap fire in Lincoln National Forest rescues a bear cub clinging to a tree. The burned animal later became known as Smokey Bear and the cub grew into a national symbol for the prevention of forest fires. The bear lived on and later died of natural causes and his body was returned from Washington, D.C., to be buried in the same area of the Lincoln fire._http://www.nmmagazine.com/features/memorias2.html#apr Taken from the Internet, March 20, 2002.