GLCEventNatchez IndiansP+southwest MississippiCNoteThe Natchez Indians inhabited what is now southwest Mississippi ca. AD 700-1730, with the culture at its zenith in the mid-1500s. Between 1682 and 1729 the Grand Village was their main ceremonial center, according to historical and archaeological evidence.Uhttp://www.mdah.state.ms.us/hprop/gvni.html Taken from the Internet, August 7, 2001.Explorers from SpainYallobosha CountyDeSoto with a party of about 1,000 men penetrated the eastern boundary of the state in what is now Yallobosha County. About a year later the party reached the Mississippi River. Xhttp://www.rootsweb.com/~msswterr/timeline.htm Taken from the Internet, August 9, 2001.European VisitorsM. d'Ibervile landed at Ship Island, off the mouth of Pascagoula River, and erected huts for his colonists. Here he discovered the Biloxi tribe, and after traveling along the coast to the mouth of the Mississippi River, he returned to Ship Island and erected a fort at the Bay of Biloxi, about eighty miles east of New Orleans. About a year later Iberville built a fort on the banks of the Mississippi River. Xhttp://www.rootsweb.com/~msswterr/timeline.htm Taken from the Internet, August 8, 2001.Mississippi Colonized Ocean SpringsuPierre LeMoyne Sieur d'Iberville landed in what is now Ocean Springs, on the Gulf Coast and constructed Ft. Maurepas.http://www.100megsfree3.com/msgenealogy/history.html Taken from the Internet, August 7, 2001 and Skates, John Ray. Mississippi: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1979. p. 25.Founding of Ft. Rosalie2LFort Rosalie is founded, the initial settlement for what becomes Natchez. ehttp://www.rienzihills.com/rienzi/Mississippi/inhistory.htm Taken from the Internet, August 8, 2001. Natchez War +NatchezIn 1729, a new governor, Sieur de Chepart, ordered the Natchez to give up the area that contained their main village and to bring him free provisions monthly, while they made their plans to leave. The Natchez allied with the Yazoo and Chickasaw and made plans to drive out the French. On November 29, 1729, the Natchez infiltrated Ft. Rosalie and slaughtered and enslaved the inhabitants. The French spent the next two years destroying the Natchez, but the settlement of Natchez was not revived.[Skates, John Ray. Mississippi: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1979. p. 29-30.'Mississippi Comes Under British Control@=France relinquished to Great Britain all her possessions east of the Mississippi River, and to Spain, all her possessions west of that river, and also the Island of Orleans.Whttp://www.rootsweb.com/~msswterr/history.htm Taken from the Internet, August 8, 2001. Pushmataha>H Noxubee RiverQFew Choctaws from the early 1800s are better known than Pushmataha. He negotiated several well-publicized treaties with the United States and led Choctaws in support of the Americans during the War of 1812. He was the last of his kind: a chief who came to power through traditional means by performing great war deeds and demonstrating his mastery of spiritual powers. He resisted attempts of the United States to take away Choctaw lands. He is often portrayed as culturally conservative and as an opponent of the Protestant missionaries who arrived among the Choctaws beginning in 1818. ghttp://mshistory.k12.ms.us/features/feature18/pushmataha.html Taken from the Internet, August 7, 2001.Treaty of San Lorenzo_kSan Lorenzo, SpainThis treaty with Spain gave Britain the right to navigation on the Mississippi River, use of the port of New Orleans, and acknowledged Britain's control of the Natchez region.[Skates, John Ray. Mississippi: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1979. p. 49-50.)Mississippi Becomes a Territory of the USnThe territory was created on the model of the Northwest Territory, but with an exception. Slavery would be allowed. Foreign slave trade into the territory was disallowed.[Skates, John Ray. Mississippi: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1979. p. 54-55.Mason, The Outlawt Natchez TraceSIt was in the year 1802 that Mason made his appearance in the Mississippi Territory. Long accustomed to robbery and murder upon the Lower Ohio during the Spanish dominion on the Mississippi, and pressed by the rapid approach of the American population, Mason deserted the "Cave in the Rock," on the Ohio, and began to practice his trade along the NatchezTrace. Associated with Mason were his two sons and a few other desperate miscreants. The more time that passed, the more feared Mason and his gang became. Mason met his end at the hands of his own gang. A reward had been offered for Mason - dead or alive, after he robbed a prominent citizen. Two members of his gang killed him and attempted to collect the reward. They were recognized by his most recent victims and were tried and executed. Thus ended the terror of the Natchez Trace. [http://www.rootsweb.com/~msswterr/notor.htm#mason Taken from the Internet, August 8, 2001.War With the CreeksBegun by the war party of the Creeks in the effort to crush the large and growing settlements of white pioneers along the Tombigbee and Alabama rivers, it developed into a war, almost of extermination, against the Creeks themselves. The great decisive battle was fought at the Horseshoe Bend of the Tallapoosa river March 27, 1814, between Jackson and his Cherokee allies, and some twelve hundred Creeks gathered here for a final stand. The battle was little more than a slaughter, and barely two hundred Creek warriors escaped alive, while the loss to the American troops was nominal. The final treaty of peace was not concluded, however, until August 9, 1814, between Jackson and the defeated Creeks. In this treaty they surrendered to the United States all their lands, except the part east of the Coosa River and of a line drawn southeastwardly from Fort Jackson (the old French Toulouse); the Creeks were forbidden all communication with British or Spanish posts; and the United States wereUhttp://www.rootsweb.com/~msswterr/creek.htm Taken from the Internet, August 8, 2001.Mississippi Divided҉Mississippi was divided by a line that began west of Mobile and ran north. The eastern settlements became the Alabama Territory.[Skates, John Ray. Mississippi: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1979. p. 75-76.Becomes a StateUntil then it had been known as Mississippi Territory and included what is now Alabama. Mississippi was admitted as the 20th state to join the Union http://www.ci.olive-branch.ms.us/history.htm and http://www.travel50.com/mississippi/history/government_history/government_history.htm Taken from the Internet, August 7, 2001.Treaty of Doak's StandCanton0The native chiefs were Pushmahat, Puckshunubbee, and Mushulatubbee. The American negotiators were Andrew Jackson and Thomas Hinds. The Americans moved from logic and persuasion to threats of extiction or forcible removal. The chiefs signed away a huge section of fertile land in west-central Mississippi.[Skates, John Ray. Mississippi: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1979. p. 80-81.Treaty of Dancing Rabbit CreekלThe Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek is signed between the Choctaws and the federal government giving almost ten million acres to Mississippi. ehttp://www.rienzihills.com/rienzi/Mississippi/inhistory.htm Taken from the Internet, August 8, 2001.American Civil WarlMississippi suffered the largest percentage dead of any Confederate State in the Civil War. 78,000 Mississippians entered the Confederate military. By the end of the war, 59,000 of the 78,000 were either dead or wounded.http://www.rienzihills.com/rienzi/Mississippi/mississippiaccomplishments.htm Taken from the Internet, August 8, 2001 and http://www.us-civilwar.com/ Taken from the Internet July 3, 2001.Mississippi Secedesf\Mississippi secedes from the Union and becomes part of the Confederate States of America. ehttp://www.rienzihills.com/rienzi/Mississippi/inhistory.htm Taken from the Internet, August 8, 2001.Battle of CorinthtThe Battle of Corinth is the bloodiest battle in Mississippi history. The Confederates are forced out of Corinth. ehttp://www.rienzihills.com/rienzi/Mississippi/inhistory.htm Taken from the Internet, August 8, 2001.$Mississippi Re-admitted to the Union=Governor James L. Alcorn gradually restores civil government.ehttp://www.rienzihills.com/rienzi/Mississippi/inhistory.htm Taken from the Internet, August 8, 2001.Root Beer InventedBiloxi0Root Beer was invented by Edward Adolf Barq, Sr.vhttp://www.rienzihills.com/rienzi/Mississippi/mississippiaccomplishments.htm Taken from the Internet, August 8, 2001.Arrival of the Bol Weevil HThe boll weevil arrives and destroys most of the state's cotton crop. ehttp://www.rienzihills.com/rienzi/Mississippi/inhistory.htm Taken from the Internet, August 8, 2001. Prohibition ^aMississippi had been the first state to prohibit alcoholic beverages on a state level, and was the last state to end statewide prohibition, thirty-three years after the national prohibition had ended. Mississippi was also the first state to ratify the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution, issuing in the era of Prohibition in 1919-1920. vhttp://www.rienzihills.com/rienzi/Mississippi/mississippiaccomplishments.htm Taken from the Internet, August 8, 2001.(Integration of University of Mississippi+YJames Meredith integrates the University of Mississippi and becomes the first Black Mississippian to attend one of Mississippi's segregated public colleges. ehttp://www.rienzihills.com/rienzi/Mississippi/inhistory.htm Taken from the Internet, August 8, 2001.First Heart Transplantg[HDr. James D. Hardy performed the world's first heart transplant surgery.^http://www.100megsfree3.com/msgenealogy/history.html Taken from the Internet, August 7, 2001.