GLCEvent"White League" Founded OpelousasCNote"The league was paramilitary, definitely not secret, and it maintained that the only real issue in Louisiana was whether whites or blacks should dominiate state politics."ZTaylor, Joe Gray. Louisiana: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1976. p. 111-12.American Civil WarlBhttp://www.us-civilwar.com/ Taken from the Internet July 3, 2001.Arrival of the Acadians> Louisiana@First four Acadian families arrive in Louisiana from New York ]http://www.crt.state.la.us/crt/profiles/history.htm Taken from the Internet, August 1, 2001.Battle of New Orleansʆ New OrleansIBattles between the United States and Britain for control of New Orleans.Whttp://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cabildo.htm Taken from the Internet, July 30, 2001.Becomes a StateExactly nine years after the signing of the Louisiana Purchase, Congress admitted Louisiana as the eighteenth state in the Union.Whttp://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cabildo.htm Taken from the Internet, July 29, 2001.)First African-American Students at TulaneZ New OrleansJTulane University accepts five black students, the first in its history. ]http://www.crt.state.la.us/crt/profiles/history.htm Taken from the Internet, August 1, 2001. First College" New OrleansnLouisiana's first institution of higher learning was the College of Orleans, in Faubourg Trem in New Orleans.Whttp://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cabildo.htm Taken from the Internet, July 30, 2001.First European Visitors0Spaniards were the first to venture into the Mississippi River region. Hernando de Soto's overland expedition in 1542 was the first to confirm European discovery of the mighty river, but the hostile climate, wildlife, and geography convinced Spain to look elsewhere for precious metals and fertile soils.Whttp://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cabildo.htm Taken from the Internet, July 29, 2001.First Oil Well#JenningsKThis would become the chief mineral product of the early twentieth century.WTaylor, Joe Gray. Louisiana: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1976. p. 147.#First Permanent European SettlementW Natchitoches8Juchereau de St. Denis founded what is now Natchitoches._http://www.centrallouisiana.net/almanac/timeline.html Taken from the Internet, August 1, 2001.Founding of New Orleans  New Orleans_Sieur de Bienville, continued to explore the Mississippi River, but had to delay creating a permanent settlement on the lower Mississippi River until 1718, when he founded the city of New Orleans on a crescent-shaped section of the river 100 miles from the mouth. He named France's newest settlement in honor of the ruling regent, the Duc d'Orleans. Whttp://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cabildo.htm Taken from the Internet, July 29, 2001.German Immigration New OrleansLBetween 1820 and 1850 almost 54,000 Germans entered the port of New Orleans, with over 126,000 adding to that number in the first five years of the 1850s. While most continued on to the Midwest and California or fell victim to disease in Louisiana, enough remained to make up about one-tenth the population of New Orleans in 1860. Whttp://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cabildo.htm Taken from the Internet, July 30, 2001. Kansas FeverThis was "... a mass movement of blacks, mostly from Louisiana and Misssissippi, to Kansas.It reached such proportions that planters who had once asserted a need to rid Louisiana of Negroes patrolled the roads to turn back would-be emigrants."WTaylor, Joe Gray. Louisiana: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1976. p. 128.Lewis & Clark ExpeditionwzSt. Louis to Pacific Ocean/Meriwether Lewis and William Clark departed from the St. Louis area with some forty enlisted soldiers. Their journey up the Missouri River, into uncharted lands, across the Great Divide, and along the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean took over a year. They returned to St. Louis in September 1806. Whttp://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cabildo.htm Taken from the Internet, July 29, 2001.Louisiana Claimed by the FrenchIn 1682, Ren-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, reached the river's mouth and proclaimed possession of the river and all the lands drained by it for France, naming this vast expanse "Louisiane," or "Louis' land." Whttp://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cabildo.htm Taken from the Internet, July 29, 2001.Louisiana Hayride29gIt was probably the most scandle-ridden period of Louisiana history, in terms of government corruption.WTaylor, Joe Gray. Louisiana: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1976. p. 165.Louisiana PurchasevThe United States purchased Louisiana for $11,250,000 and assumed claims of its own citizens against France up to $3,750,000, for a total purchase price of $15 million. Whttp://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cabildo.htm Taken from the Internet, July 29, 2001.Louisiana Returned to France rNapoleon signed the secret Treaty of Ildefonso with Spain, an agreement that stipulated that France would provide Spain with a kingdom for the son-in-law of Spain's king if Spain would return Louisiana to France.Whttp://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cabildo.htm Taken from the Internet, July 29, 2001.Louisiana Returned to Spain@=Whttp://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cabildo.htm Taken from the Internet, July 29, 2001.Louisiana SecedeswMembers signed the ordinance of secession on January 26, 1861, thereby making Louisiana the sixth state to secede from the Union. Whttp://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cabildo.htm Taken from the Internet, July 30, 2001.Natchez Massacre and War ODuring this period, Natchez warriors attacked a French settlement, killing hundreds of white colonists and capturing nearly 300 black slaves. In retaliation, the French governor sent white and black troops and Choctaw warriors allied with the French to attack Natchez settlements, virtually exterminating the entire Natchez society. Whttp://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cabildo.htm Taken from the Internet, July 29, 2001.Plessy v. FergusonjThe case tested legislation passed in Louisiana in 1890 that permitted separate railroad cars for whites and blacks. In March 1892, Homer Adolph Plessy, a light-skinned New Orleans black man who was actively involved in the civil rights movement, purchased a ticket on the East Louisiana Railroad, sat in a whites-only coach, and refused to move. In the criminal suit that resulted, Judge John H. Ferguson upheld Louisiana's segregation law, and Plessy appealed the ruling to the Louisiana State Supreme Court, housed in the Cabildo, which also ruled against Plessy, stating that his rights had not been violated. When the United States Supreme Court decided the case in 1896, they upheld the state's ruling in favor of Ferguson, thereby sanctioning the doctrine of "separate but equal" and legalizing segregation in the United States for more than the next fifty years. Whttp://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cabildo.htm Taken from the Internet, July 29, 2001.Slave Trade Abolishedwt} New OrleansMost of the slaves traded in New Orleans came from other states, particularly from the Atlantic seaboard. In 1804 the federal government outlawed the external slave trade in Louisiana, and the United States Constitution forbade the importation of slaves after January 1808.Whttp://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cabildo.htm Taken from the Internet, July 30, 2001.The Black Code of Louisiana1A French proclamation that: evicted Jews, required Catholic baptism of all African slaves, abolished all religions except Catholicism, outlawed marriage between whites and blacks, and a large number of other rules regarding the management of the African slaves.Yhttp://www.toptags.com/aama/docs/lublkcodes.htm Taken from the Internet, August 1, 2001.The New Music "Jazz" New Orleans;The name "Jazz" is given to music of New Orleans origin. ]http://www.crt.state.la.us/crt/profiles/history.htm Taken from the Internet, August 1, 2001.Tulane University New Orleans!Tulane University began as the Medical College of Louisiana in 1834 and was designated the University of Louisiana in 1845. State monies were never adequate to operate the school, and in the 1880s it became the private Tulane University with a large gift from philanthropist Paul Tulane. Whttp://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cabildo.htm Taken from the Internet, July 30, 2001.