GLCEventSpanish ExplorersCNoteSpaniard Francisco Vasquez explored Kansas in search of gold. On his arrival, he found Native American Wichita and Pawnee living there. [http://www.thingstodo.com/states/KS/history.htm Taken from the Internet, October 18, 2001.A Spanish Missionary ComesFather Juan de Padilla came to Kansas. He hoped to bring Christianity to the Indians. He was killed, however, by those he tried to help. Father Padilla is said to have been the first Christian martyr in Americaahttp://www.ukans.edu/heritage/owk/128/lineoftime.html Taken from the Internet, October 19, 2001.French Explorersټ)The French arrive and explore Kansas. [http://www.thingstodo.com/states/KS/history.htm Taken from the Internet, October 18, 2001.Louisiana PurchaseQvGThe United States purchases Kansas as part of the Louisiana Purchase. [http://www.thingstodo.com/states/KS/history.htm Taken from the Internet, October 18, 2001.Santa Fe Trail Council GroveWilliam Becknell, a Missouri trader, was the first to follow the route that later became known as the Santa Fe Trail. His (pack) mule train passed through Morris County at what became known as Council Grove. ahttp://www.ukans.edu/heritage/owk/128/lineoftime.html Taken from the Internet, October 19, 2001.Fort Leavenworth EstablishedZFort Leavenworth, first known as Cantonment Leavenworth, was established by Col. Henry Leavenworth on the Missouri River's right bank of Salt Creek as an army post to protect the western frontier and travelers on the Santa Fe Trail.ahttp://www.ukans.edu/heritage/owk/128/lineoftime.html Taken from the Internet, October 19, 2001.Kansas-Nebraska Act Trading PostlThis act of Congress created the territory and provided that the decision regarding slavery should be made by a vote of the people. What ensued was a period of time where pro-slavery and anti-slavery advocates battled it out for control of Kansas. Men were attacked, beaten, and occasionally killed, often for no reason except their views on slavery. In Linn and Bourbon Counties, on the eastern Kansas border, raids were frequently carried on by opposing factions. On May 19, 1858 there occurred what has become known as the Marais des Cygnes Massacre. Pro-slavery advocates killed five unarmed anti-slavery advocates.Shttp://hs4.kshs.org/places/marahist.htm Taken from the Internet, October 11, 2001.Swiss Immigrants ArriveSwiss immigrants first arrived and settled in Pottawatomie (Onaga) and Nemaha (Bern, Neuchatel) and Allen (Geneva) Counties. ahttp://www.ukans.edu/heritage/owk/128/lineoftime.html Taken from the Internet, October 19, 2001.The Sumner-Brooks AffairTThe issue of slavery was so intense in Kansas, that it carried all the way to Congress. After an impassioned pro-slavery speech, where Charles Sumner attacked personally the antislavery member, Senator Butler, the following occurred. Two days after making this speech, as he sat at his desk writing, he was assaulted with a cane by Preston Brooks, a member of the House and a relative of Senator Butler. No incident in many years revealed more vividly the vast gulf between the North and the South than did the different manner of their receiving the news of this assault on Sumner Throughout the North the deed was denounced as a cowardly outrage, unworthy of any but a bully and a thug In the South, where Sumner was hated above all men, the verdict was that he received only the punishment he deserved. Brooks was hailed as a champion and a hero.]http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ks/state/history3.htm Taken from the Internet, October 19, 2001.The Controversial Death Penalty7The territorial legislature of 1859 created the first law governing execution--"Persons convicted of murder in the first degree shall suffer death . . . inflicted by hangings by the neck." The code remained intact when Kansas gained statehood in 1861, but by the early 1870s public opposition to the death penalty resulted in a new statute. In 1906, after 30 years without a legal execution, the death penalty officially was repealed. In 1935 a bill authorizing legal executions was again signed into law. Not until 1944 was a state prisoner executed under the law's provisions. The last two men to die on the Lansing gallows were hanged on June 22, 1965. Seven years later the United States Supreme Court struck down death penalty laws across the country as cruel and unusual punishment. After 22 years of debate on the issue, Kansas became the 37th state to reinstate the death penalty. Governor Joan Finney allowed the bill to become law on April 22, 1994, without her signature. Rhttp://hs4.kshs.org/cool2/coolgall.htm Taken from the Internet, October 11, 2001.American Civil WarlKansas' contribution to the Civil War effort helped provide a victory to all of America. All told, over 20,000 Kansans fought on behalf of the Union--two-thirds of the fighting-age male population at that time. Most of these soldiers fought elsewhere; however, one major Civil War battle in Kansas was the Battle of Mine Creek in 1864. Had this battle been won by the Confederacy, Kansas' infant existence as a free state would have been in jeopardy. http://www.state.ks.us/public/governor/history.html Taken from the Internet, October 19, 2001 and http://www.us-civilwar.com/ Taken from the Internet July 3, 2001.The Massacre of Pottawatomie[The leader was John Brown, who believed that the only way to free the slaves was to kill the slaveholders. A few free-state men, one of whom was a neighbor of Brown, had been killed by the opposite party, and Brown determined that an equal number of them should suffer death to expiate the crime. He organized a night raid--his sons and a few others. They called at one farmhouse after another and slew the men in cold blood. He did not inquire if they were guilty of not guilty; enough if they belonged to the opposite party. One man was dragged from the presence of a sick wife. Her pleadings that he be spared were not heeded. Before the end of that bloody night raid Brown's party had put six or seven men to death--for no crime except that they belonged to the opposite party and had made threats--an offense of which Brown's party were equally guilty.]http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ks/state/history3.htm Taken from the Internet, October 19, 2001.Becomes a StatezKansas became the 24th state in the union. The state constitution prohibited slavery, but did not stop the bloodshed. The Civil War began two months later. One of the largest civilian massacres in history occurred on August 21, 1863 when men favoring slavery raided Lawrence.[http://www.thingstodo.com/states/KS/history.htm Taken from the Internet, October 18, 2001.First Kansas orphanage4>St. Vincent's Home, was opened by the Sisters of Charity. ahttp://www.ukans.edu/heritage/owk/128/lineoftime.html Taken from the Internet, October 19, 2001.Swedish Immigrants LindsborgA great famine in Sweden combined with the discontent bred by repressive government made the American advertisement of land and freedom particularly attractive to Swedes. The third largest foreign-born group in nineteenth-century Kansas came from Sweden. The primary colony from Sweden was at Lindsborg in McPherson County. Swedish influence was also in Osage County and the Blue River parts of Riley and Pottawatomie counties. ahttp://www.ukans.edu/heritage/owk/128/lineoftime.html Taken from the Internet, October 19, 2001."Turkey Red Winter Wheat IntroducedThe introduction of Turkey Red Winter Wheat by Mennonites from Russia in 1874 was a milestone in Kansas agriculture. The wheat was ideally suited to the Kansas climate and has made Kansas one of the leading wheat-producing states in the nation. Uhttp://www.theus50.com/kansas/history.asp Taken from the Internet, October 18, 2001.First Female Mayor*Argonia{Susanna Medora Salter of Argonia was the first female mayor in the United States to be elected in southeastern Kansas. ahttp://www.ukans.edu/heritage/owk/128/lineoftime.html Taken from the Internet, October 19, 2001.Woman Suffrage Won[The bill for complete woman suffrage was reconsidered and passed the House, 69 to 34. The day before it had been defeated by three votes. Phttp://hs4.kshs.org/perspect/feb.htm Taken from the Internet, October 11, 2001.Amelia Earharto5 Atchinson Earhart became the first female pilot to complete a solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean -- the first to succeed since Charles Lindburgh's legendary flight in 1927. Four years later, Earhart attempted a flight around the world. She disappeared en route, and was never heard from again. Uhttp://www.theus50.com/kansas/history.asp Taken from the Internet, October 18, 2001.Discovery of HeliumxDexterIt started with an oil well (near Dexter) that produced a natural gas that would not burn. Samples were sent to the lab at Kansas University, where Assistant professor David McFarland discovered the gas contained a large amount of an inert substance, that prevented the gas from burining. Two years later, McFarland and Professor Hamilton Cady returned to the sample and discovered that that the inert element was helium, previously belived to exist only on the sun.khttp://www.ur.ku.edu/Calendar/events/bailey_hall/discovery.html Taken from the Internet, October 23, 2001.Beginning of the Oil Boom El DoradoxAn oil discovery near El Dorado begins the boom. In the 1920's, exploration moved west and massive amounts of oil were discovered along the central Kansas uplift in Russell and Ellis counties. Perhaps most importantly, the Hugoton Natural Gas Area was discovered in southwestern Kansas, the beginning of a field that would turn out to be among the largest in the world. http://www.kshs.org/perspect/20thcent.htm and http://www.kgs.ukans.edu/Publications/AnnRep98/energy.html Taken from the Internet, October 23, 2001.O'Henry Bar Invented? Arkansas CityThe O'Henry candy bar was invented by Tom Henry of Arkansas City. The candy bar was originally called "Tom Henry" but was changed later when Mr. Henry sold the rights to his candy bar to a candy factory. ahttp://www.ukans.edu/heritage/owk/128/lineoftime.html Taken from the Internet, October 19, 2001.&Introduction of the Tubular News Press_"The Emporia Gazette was printed for the first time upon a new Duplex tubular news press that would print up to 16 pages at the rate of 30,000 an hour. The entire edition could be run off in ten minutes. Phttp://hs4.kshs.org/perspect/feb.htm Taken from the Internet, October 11, 2001.Prisoner of War Camp< Concordia2A prisoner of war camp was built in Concordia Uhttp://www.kshs.org/perspect/wwiiplus.htm Taken from the Internet, October 23, 2001.&Brown vs. Board of Education of TopekaHMOn May 17, 1954, Chief Justice Earl Warren read the decision of the unanimous Court: "We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does...We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. qhttp://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/early-civilrights/brown.html Taken from the Internet, October 23, 2001.0First Woman to Win Her Own Seat in the US SenateoTopekaNancy Landon Kassebaum, Topeka, the first Kansas woman to serve in the U.S. Senate and the first woman to be elected to a full term in the Senate in her own right Uhttp://www.kshs.org/perspect/wwiiplus.htm Taken from the Internet, October 23, 2001.Stand-off at WacoWacoCStand-off ended in Waco, TX between Branch Davidion and F.B.I. ahttp://www.ukans.edu/heritage/owk/128/lineoftime.html Taken from the Internet, October 19, 2001.