GLCEventFirst European Visitors1=CNote The first recorded Europeans to venture into Iowa were Louis Joliet, Father Jacques Marquette, and the voyageurs who exited the Wisconsin River and paddled down the great Mississippi River in June of 1673. They traveled for eight days camping along the Iowa shoreline.`http://www.uiowa.edu/~osa/learn/historic/hisper.htm Taken from the Internet, September 5, 2001.Land Ordinance of 1785\The 1785 law, created by the US congress, determined how land should be purchased from the Indians, surveyed, divided, and sold. This was a determining factor in the settlement of Iowa and laid the path to becoming a territory.~http://www.iowahistory.org/education/heritage_curriculum/iowahistory_overview.htm Taken from the Internet, September 6, 2001.Northwest Ordinance~_The 1787 law, created by the US congress, set down a pattern of government for territories and a plan for eventual statehood. It provided a plan for the transition from Territory to State. ~http://www.iowahistory.org/education/heritage_curriculum/iowahistory_overview.htm Taken from the Internet, September 6, 2001.First White Settlement`Mines of SpainJulien Dubuque was a French Canadian fur trader who settled in the area in the 178O's. Dubuque originally came to the region to engage in trade with the Mesquakie Indians who occupied the land at that time. As Dubuque befriended the Mesquakie, however, his attention turned from fur trading to the abundant number of plentiful lead mines that were located on their property. In 1788, after amicable negotiations, the Mesquakie granted Dubuque control of the lead mines surrounding the Dubuque area. Dubuque named this region, which is south of the present-day city of Dubuque, the Mines of Spain. For the next twenty years, Dubuque worked as both a miner and trader on the land the Mesquakie had presented him. In 1810, Julien Dubuque died after a brief illness. The Mesquakie buried their friend on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River with honors befitting a chief. Following Dubuque's death, the Mesquakie reclaimed the Mines of Spain for their own use. Whttp://www.dubuque.org/history/histry.html Taken from the Internet, September 5, 2001.Louisiana PurchaseQvIowa was part of Louisiana when the United States purchased it. . In 1812 the Territory of Orleans was admitted into the Union as the State of Louisiana, and the name of the upper district, in which Iowa was included, was changed to the Territory of Missouri. When Missouri was admitted into the union as a state, the northern part of the Louisiana Purchase was left without any form of government whatever. http://www.dsu.edu/~whiteb/iowahist.html Taken from the Internet, September 5, 2001 and http://www.crosswinds.net/~iowahistory/hist2.htm#march Taken from the Internet, September 6, 2001.Lewis & Clark ExpeditionwMontroseOn August 9, 18O5, Lieut. Zebulon M. Pike left St. Louis with a sergeant, two corporals and seventeen privates, to explore the upper Mississippi River. In the latter part of that month he held a council with the Indians near the present Town of Montrose, in Lee County, Iowa, which was probably the first council ever held on Iowa soil between a representative of the United States and the natives.ehttp://www.crosswinds.net/~iowahistory/hist1.htm#explore Taken from the Internet, September 6, 2001.First US Army Outpost~ Fort MadisonFort Madison was the first U.S. Army outpost in the Upper Mississippi Valley. It was garrisoned by 50-60 troops. A succession of British-allied Sauk and Winnebago Indian attacks during the War of 1812 forced its abandonment in 1813.`http://www.uiowa.edu/~osa/learn/historic/hisper.htm Taken from the Internet, September 6, 2001.Native Lands Ceded to the USͺ_Under the terms of the Treaty known as the Black Hawk Purchase, legal non-Indian settlement in the Iowa Territory began in earnest. This opened a new chapter in Iowa history, an American land rush following a series of treaties pushing Indians westward beyond the Missouri River. By 1851 all Indian lands in Iowa had been ceded to the U.S. government.`http://www.uiowa.edu/~osa/learn/historic/hisper.htm Taken from the Internet, September 5, 2001.First Church in IowaDubuqueThe Methodists established the first church in Iowa. Barton Randle solicited funds from anyone who might have money to give him, and built a log cabin church.UWall, Joseph Frazier. Iowa: a Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1978. p. 67.Iowa Territory EstablishedAWhen Iowa Territory was established the appointed governor was Robert Lucas. Burlington was selected as the first territorial capital. The boundary line between the Territory of Iowa and the State of Missouri was a difficult question to settle. When Missouri sent sherrifs to collect taxes it had assessed on land owners in the disputed area, Iowa objected and civil war almost broke out. In the end, the Supreme Court decided the issue in favour of Iowa, and the dispute ended without bloodshed or waste of amunition.http://www.iowahistory.org/education/heritage_curriculum/iowahistory_overview.htm and http://www.crosswinds.net/~iowahistory/hist3.htm#seat Taken from the Internet, September 6, 2001.The Black Code`The Territorial legislature passed " An Act to Regulate Blacks and Mulattoes". This bill provided that for an African American person to take up residence in Iowa, he must first obtain a court document proving himself to be a free individual and also must post a $500 bond to assure the community that he would not become a criminal or a county charge.UWall, Joseph Frazier. Iowa: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1978. p. 90.Mormon Pioneer Trail$|YIn order to maintain their religious and cultural identity, it was necessary for the Mormons to find an isolated place where they could permanently settle and practice their religion in peace. Departing from Nauvoo, Illinois, in February 1846, thousands of Mormons crossed into Iowa seeking refuge from religious persecution. They spent the next winter in the Council Bluffs, Iowa and Omaha, Nebraska area. Early in 1847, Brigham Young led an advanced party west, generally paralleling the Oregon Trail, to Fort Bridger, Wyoming, where they turned southwest and eventually came to the Great Salt Lake.Mhttp://www.nps.gov/mopi/mopi.htm Taken from the Internet, September 5, 2001.Becomes a State`The first formal attempt to gain statehood came in 1844 when a Constitutional Convention was called. The effort failed, however, defeated by a dispute with Congress over state boundaries. In 1846, a second Constitutional Convention was called. A few minor changes in the old 1844 Constitution were made and proposed boundaries defined. this time, congress accepted both Constitution and boundaries, and on December 28, 1846, Iowa became the twenty-ninth state.~http://www.iowahistory.org/education/heritage_curriculum/iowahistory_overview.htm Taken from the Internet, September 6, 2001.Marion MeteoriteMarion[The first historic Iowa meteorite fell south of Marion in Linn County just before 3:00 p.m._http://www.igsb.uiowa.edu/browse/meteor/meteor.htm Taken from the Internet, September 5, 2001.Community of True InspirationAmanacOriginally, German Pietists who had experienced a hundred years of religious persecution, they came to Iowa as followers of Christian Metz. Here, they founded a Utopian communal society within seven villages on 26,000 acres of farmland. For eighty years they lived a communal life until in 1932 they adopted a capitalistic life style to survive the times.XWall, Joseph Frazier. Iowa: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1978. p. 78-82.Return of the Mesquakies Tama CountyKThe Mesquakies, unhappy where they had been relocated in Kansas, drifted back, joined several small lingering bands, purchased land, and once again became residents of Iowa. The Mesquakie Settlement that began as an 80-acre tract of land along the Iowa River in Tama County today contains over 3,300 acres of tribally-owned land. ~http://www.iowahistory.org/education/heritage_curriculum/iowahistory_overview.htm Taken from the Internet, September 6, 2001.American Civil WarlIowa provided 75,797 white soldiers, five sailors and Marines, and 440 black soldiers in nine cavalry regiments, four light artillery batteries, 45 infantry regiments, and two infantry battalions to the Union Army. The state lost the total of 337 officers and 13,252 enlisted men. http://iowa-counties.com/civilwar/index.shtml Taken from the Internet, September 6, 2001 and http://www.us-civilwar.com/ Taken from the Internet July 3, 2001.Suffrage for African-Americans The voters of Iowa approved five ammendments, striking the word "white" from the suffrage, enumeration census and militia clauses of their constitution. They were one of only two states to do this prior to the Fifteenth Ammendment of the United States Constitution.VWall, Joseph Frazier. Iowa: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1978. p. 115.Herbert C. HooverBorn in West Branch, he. served as the nation's 31st president (1929-1933). Hoover was the first president born west of the Mississippi River. ihttp://sos.state.ia.us/publications/redbook/profile/8-4.html Taken from the Internet, September 7, 2001. Power Dam Across the MississippiPresident Roosevelt signed into law a bill making possible to construct a power dam across the Mississippi. It had been dreamed of since 1836, hoping for a way to harness the power of the river.ahttp://www.keokukia.com/History/Keohistpgs/1900.html Taken from the Internet, September 7, 2001.WW IdIn all, 114,224 Iowans served in the military. Army posts were established at Camp Dodge and Fort Des Moines. Fort Des Moines was the location of the only training camp for black officers in the then segregated army. Eight months after the declaration of war by the US, Iowans were in France as part of the American Expeditionary Force. Iowa was among several states with a large percentage of citizens of German birth or heritage, and many suffered because of their Germanic ties. The slightest hint of German sympathy might bring accusations of treason. Neighbors were encouraged to report those whose loyalty was suspect. Worse, a Governor's order excluded all languages except English from schools and public places, including churches and telephone conversation. This placed a special burden on the nearly 180,000 foreign-born residents of Iowa. Following the Armistice, anti-German sentiment began to recede. ~http://www.iowahistory.org/education/heritage_curriculum/iowahistory_overview.htm Taken from the Internet, September 6, 2001.Cow War,/By state law, a mandatory testing for bovine tuberculosis replaced a voluntary one. All cows reacting to the test were to be destroyed and the farmers compensated. Farmers argued that they were not adequately compensated. When whole herds began to be destroyed, farmers began to arm theselves to prevent testing and troops were sent in by the state to ensure that the testing would continue.YWall, Joseph Frazier. Iowa: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1978. p.176-177.