GLCEventAmerican Civil WarlCNoteBhttp://www.us-civilwar.com/ Taken from the Internet July 3, 2001.American RevolutionO ZNBegan with the Declaration of Independence and ended with the Treaty of Paris.[http://webpages.homestead.com/revwar/files/INDEX.HTM Taken from the Internet, July 3, 2001Atlanta Become the CapitalAtlantaahttp://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/2691/cofga.html Taken from the Internet, July 4, 2001.Battle of the Rice BoatsUOVOSavannahThttp://www.ngeorgia.com/history/nghistar.html Taken from the Internet, July 3, 2001!Cessions of Land by First NationsK%Creek and Cherokee debts to Georgians were assumed by the state in payment for their land. This included a small portion of North Georgia. 1782-1783 Land to the south and west of the Tugaloo and Savannah Rivers were ceded by the Cherokee and Creek. Both had laid claim to ownership. When the United States took the western claims from Georgia in 1802, the federal government promised to remove the Indians from Georgia soil. That year, and again in 1804, the federal government secured cessions of land for the state. During the Creek War, General Andrew Jackson routed the Red Sticks. As a result the entire Creek tribe was forced to cede the southern third of present day Georgia to the state to prevent further contact with the Seminoles. This was the single largest cession of land to the state, and the beginning of the end of the Creek in Georgia. The Creek ceded additional small portions of land in 1817 and 1819. http://ngeorgia.com/history/indianla.html and http://home.onestop.net/momnohio2/GA.html Taken from the Internet July 3, 2001. Coca-Cola Atlanta, GA+Coca Cola goes on sale at Jacob's Pharmacy.ahttp://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/2691/cofga.html Taken from the Internet, July 4, 2001. Cotton GinfMulberry Grove PlantationEli Whitney, 27, invents a gin capable of handling short stapled upland cotton at Mulberry Grove Plantation in Georgia. First improvement to the cotton gin since 300 B.C. `http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/2691/cofga.html Taken from the Internet, July 4, 2001De-segregation of SchoolsM\The U.S. Supreme Court in 1954 decided, in Brown v. Board of Education, that segregated schools were unconstitutional. Soon Georgia blacks filed a number of cases in federal courts to force public schools and colleges to abide by the Brown decision. In January 1961 two students, Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter, forced the University of Georgia to open its doors to black students. That fall, following a federal court order in the case of Calhoun v. Latimer, the Atlanta public schools began to desegregate. Over the next decade the tradition of segregated education was fundamentally altered. Qhttp://home.onestop.net/momnohio2/GA.html Taken from the Internet, July 4, 2001.Emancipation Proclamation8Lincoln signed the final Emancipation Proclamation. He had been shaking hands all day at a New Years reception, and his hand was unsteady when he grasped the pen. He set it back down and said,"If my name ever goes into history it will be for this act, and my whole soul is in it. If my hand trembles when I sign the Proclamation, all who examine the document hereafter will say, He hesitated." Then he slowly and firmly wrote "Abraham Lincoln", looked up, smiled, and said, "That will do". Dr. Gerald J. Prokopowicz, Lincoln Scholar, The Lincoln Museum. http://www.thelincolnmuseum.org/education/teachers_guide/ahistory.html Taken from the Internet, July 3, 2001.European Exploration of GeorgiaThe European exploration of Georgia began only 29 years after the Bahama landfall of Christopher Columbus, when Spanish ships in search of new sources of Indian slaves scoured the Georgia coast in 1521.sEuropean Exploration of Georgia. http://members.aol.com/jeworth/gboexp.htm Taken from the Internet June 29, 2001..First American Woman to Own & Edit a NewspaperhWashington, GAHThe Washington Gazette is owned and edited by Sarah Porter Hillhouse. ahttp://calvin_kyle_bobbitt.tripod.com/Georgia/Firsts.html Taken from the Internet, July 4, 2001.!First Chartered College for WomenלMaconjWesleyan College, first chartered to accept women and later chartered to confer degrees for women in 1836.ahttp://calvin_kyle_bobbitt.tripod.com/Georgia/Firsts.html Taken from the Internet, July 4, 2001.#First White Person to Visit GeorgiaHernando de Soto of Spain was probably the first white man to visit the Georgia region. He crossed the area on his way from Florida to the Mississippi River.^Georgia History Network. http://patsabin.com/georgia/ Taken from the Internet, July 3, 2001.First Woman in the US Air Force:EFt. McPherson, GAFirst woman in the Air Force, Sgt. Esther M. Blake enlisted in the first minute of the first hour of the first day the regular Air Force was authorized. By enlisting in the Air Force she became the first WAF - which by the way stood for Women in the Air Force. ahttp://calvin_kyle_bobbitt.tripod.com/Georgia/Firsts.html Taken from the Internet, July 4, 2001.BFirst Woman to Take the Oath of Office in House of Representatives!%oIn the Georgia House of Representatives, Viola Ross Napier of Bibb County was the first woman to take the oath of office. She ran in the first election in which women were allowed to vote. Before running for office, she also became the first woman lawyer to argue a case before the Georgia Court of Appeals and was the first to argue before the Georgia Supreme Court.Xhttp://www.sos.state.ga.us/archives/rs/ghfaq.htm Taken from the Internet, July 3, 2001.Founding of GeorgiaSavannahGeorgia, the last of the 13 British colonies established on the Atlantic seaboard, was founded by James Edward Oglethorpe with 114 original settlers at the present site of the city of Savannah. Zhttp://www.theus50.com/georgia/history.asp#general Taken from the Internet, July 3, 2001.Georgia Becomes a State8`~Georgia ratified the Federal constitution, and thus became the fourth state in the new nation of the United States of America.Xhttp://www.sos.state.ga.us/archives/rs/ghfaq.htm Taken from the Internet, July 3, 2001.Georgia's First newspaper@=mThe Georgia Gazette was founded by James Johnston. He printed both sides of the growing revolutionary action.^Coleman, Kenneth. Colonial Georgia: A History. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1976. p. 242 Gold Rush%As early as 1819 there is evidence that gold was being mined by whites near the Cherokee town of Sixes. Although people knew of the gold, Frank Logan "discovered" it in White County in 1828. Benjamin Parks is frequently credited with the discovery in Lumpkin County mostly because that's what he told anybody who would listen to him for almost 70 years. By 1829 mining operations had begun in White County(then part of Habersham County). Later that same year operations began in Lumpkin, Union, and Cherokee . Xhttp://roadsidegeorgia.com/links/history/goldrush Taken from the Internet, July 3, 2001Gone With the Wind4New York6Gone With the Wind by Margaret Mitchell published. ^http://www.gwtwbooks.com/FirstEdition/FirstEdition.htm Taken from the Internet, July 4, 2001.Martin Luther King, Jr*aBaptist minister, civil rights leader; born in Atlanta, Ga.. Relatively untested when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat in a bus in December 1955, he led the boycott of Montgomery's segregated busses for over a year (eventually resulting in the Supreme Court decision outlawing discrimination in public transportation). King's finest hour came on August 28, 1963, when he led the great march in Washington, D.C., that culminated with his famous "I have a dream" speech at the Lincoln Memorial. At the height of his influence, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 and he used his new-found powers to attack discrimination in the U.S.Zhttp://www.theus50.com/georgia/history.asp#general Taken from the Internet, July 3, 2001.Savannah Falls/Savannah4The Union landed a company of artillery southeast of Fort Pulaski out of the range of the Confederate guns. But the distance was within the range of the North's new, rifled guns. After a night of Union bombardment that the Confederates could not return, the north scarp of the fort was destroyed and incoming shells were landing close to the magazine, where a direct hit would cause a cataclysmic explosion. At 2 pm on April 11, Col. Charles Olmstead surrendered. The first battle in Georgia had ended with a Union victory, and Savannah fell under the blockade. Chttp://www.cherokeerose.com/ Taken from the Internet July 3, 2001. Seizure of a British Ship at SeaiNHabersham and Captain Bowen accomplish the first seizure of a British ship at sea. They take Captain Maitland's armed schooner which is carrying powder. Georgia retains 9,000 pounds and sends 5,000 pounds to the Continental Army. Uhttp://www.ngeorgia.com/history/nghistar.html Taken from the Internet, July 3, 2001.Sherman's March Through Georgia%sLincoln, who had begun the war in the name of democracy and freedom, refused to consider delaying or canceling the election scheduled for November, 1864. To win the election, it had to be clear that the North was winning the war. In the spring, four coordinated attacks were launched to crush the confederacy. In Virginia, Benjamin Butler was to lead the Army of the James west from Norfolk while Franz Sigel would advance southward into the Shenandoah Valley. General Grant would lead the huge Army of the Potomac, over 110,000 troops, against Lee in an advance on Richmond. And General Sherman would march through Georgia. On May 8, 1864, General Sherman left Chattanooga with the 98,000 men of the Army of the Cumberland, the Army of the Tennessee, and the Army of the Ohio on a campaign that wrecked Georgia, re-elected Abraham Lincoln, and decided the outcome of the war. Dhttp://www.cherokeerose.com/ Taken from thre Internet July 3, 2001.Slavery Becomes Legalm+Although some Georgia colonists had been violating the 1735 law prohibiting slavery since the mid-1740s, the Trustees finally repealed that law in 1750, which marks the official date that slavery became legal in Georgia. This Date in Georgia History. http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/tdgh-jan/jan01.htm Taken from the Internet, July 14, 2001.Yazoo Fraud of 1795j Yazoo RiverDuring the 1790s there was widespread speculation in land in Georgia. Corrupt state and local officials made grants of millions more acres than actually existed in the state. Much of the nonexistent land was then sold to outside speculators and companies. The most infamous land scam was the Yazoo Fraud of 1795. The legislature authorized the sale of a vast tract near the Yazoo River to four land companies in which most of the legislators held shares. There was a public outcry, and a new legislature, elected in 1796, canceled the sale and offered refunds to the land companies. However, much of the land had already been resold, and the new buyers insisted on keeping it. In 1802 Georgia ceded the territory to the federal government, which agreed to settle the claims. After the Supreme Court of the United States declared the Yazoo sale valid, Congress in 1814 authorized payment of $4.3 million to the claimants. Qhttp://home.onestop.net/momnohio2/GA.html Taken from the Internet, July 4, 2001.