GLÿÿCEventUte Inhabit ColoradoÆýÿÍÍÍÍÿÿCNote‹Ute Indians inhabit mountain areas of southern Rocky Mountains making these Native Americans the oldest continuous residents of Colorado. Yhttp://www.archives.state.co.us/archist.html Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€First Explorers°ÉþÿÍÍÍÍ€pExplorer La Salle appropriates for France all of the area now known as Colorado east of the Rocky Mountains. Yhttp://www.archives.state.co.us/archist.html Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€Louisiana PurchaseQvÿÿÍÍÍÍ€ÿThrough the Louisiana Purchase, signed by President Thomas Jefferson, the United States acquires a vast area which included what is now most of eastern Colorado. While the United States lays claim to this vast territory, Native Americans have resided here for hundreds of years. Yhttp://www.archives.state.co.us/archist.html Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€Bent's Fort Established²ŸÿÿÍÍÍÍLa Junta€ˆBent's Fort, one of the most important trading posts in the West, is built by the Bents and St. Vrain near present city of La Junta. Yhttp://www.archives.state.co.us/archist.html Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo†¶ÿÿÍÍÍÍ€ƒBy Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico cedes to United States most of that part of Colorado not acquired by Louisiana Purchase. Yhttp://www.archives.state.co.us/archist.html Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€%First Non-Native Permanent SettlementͺÿÿÍÍÍÍSan Luis€Zhttp://www.archives.state.co.us/arcfirst.html Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€Gold is DiscoveredÊÄÿÿÍÍÍÍ Cherry Creek€zGold was discovered in Cherry Creek in what is now downtown Denver by a party of prospectors led by William Green Russell.fhttp://home-1.worldonline.nl/~8466rs/coloradohistory.html Taken from the Internet, November 23, 2001.€Colorado Territory EstablishedÉÿÿÍÍÍÍ€’Congress establishes Colorado Territory with boundaries of present state; President Lincoln appoints William Gilpin as first Territorial governor.Yhttp://www.archives.state.co.us/archist.html Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€The Overland TrailÊÿÿÍÍÍÍ€ÿ¹The Overland Trail Mail route was established and owned by Ben Holladay, the "Stagecoach King." The Overland Trail refers specifically to that portion of the mail and passenger route that avoided the Indian uprisings that were occurring on the Oregon Trail farther north through central Wyoming along the Sweetwater-South Pass route. It is estimated that as many as 20,000 emigrants traveled the Overland Trail each year, from 1862 to 1868.Qhttp://www.over-land.com/otrail.html Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€Sand Creek MassacreòÍÿÿÍÍÍÍ Sand Creek€ÿ°Following a rush of gold miners into Colorado in 1861, the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes were forced into the desolate Sand Creek reservation in southeastern Colorado. When whites continued to pour into the territory, the Indians began to attack the stage coach lines to Denver and commit other offensive acts to protect their territory. On November 29, 1864, without warning, the Colorado Volunteers, led by Col. John Chivington, attacked a peaceful band of Cheyenne, led by Black Kettle, on the banks of Sand Creek. The Volunteers indiscriminately killed women and children. Estimates of Indian deaths ranged from 150 to 500, with many historians favoring the higher number.ohttp://spot.colorado.edu/~dylan/History.htm#3. The Sand Creek Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€ Doc. SusieéÕÿÿVFraser€ÿ Doc. Susie (Dr. Susan Anderson) lived and practiced medicine in the remote community of Fraser. She understood the importance of cleanliness in doctoring wounds and protecting them from infection, as well as good nutrition, vitamins, and preventive medicine. Some of which, were not recognized by other doctors at that time. On October 9, 1997 Dr. Susan Anderson was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame.Uhttp://www.ellensplace.net/hcg_fac3.html Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€Ice Cream Soda InventedV×ÿÿÍÍÍÍDenver€Invented by O.P. Batter.Uhttp://www.ellensplace.net/qwikfac2.html Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€Joslin Dry Goods Company Opened1ÚÿÿÍÍÍÍDenver€9One of the clerks was a young man named J.C. Penney. qhttp://www.mines.edu/Beyond_csm/region_info/golden/OLD/timeline.html Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€Becomes a State™ÞÿÿÍÍÍÍ€CPresident Grant issued a proclamation declaring Colorado a state. Xhttp://www.archives.state.co.us/arcgov.html Taken from the Internet, November 23, 2001.€University of Colorado OpensæßÿÿÍÍÍÍBoulder€GUniversity of Colorado opens classes with two teachers and 44 students.Yhttp://www.archives.state.co.us/archist.html Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€"Discovery of Gold in Cripple CreekròÿÿÍÍÍÍ Cripple Creek€¡Gold fever put Cripple Creek on the map in 1890. The district's mines are reponsible for making the area the fourth largest gold producing camp in the world. Uhttp://www.cripple-creek.co.us/gold.html Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€The Silver Crash of 1893ºöÿÿÍÍÍÍ€ÿ»The US, since the days of George Washington, had based it's system on "bimetallism"...use of both gold and silver in legal coinage. In 1873 Congress terminated the making of silver coins and placed the country on a "gold standard". The great silver strikes of the 80's in the San Juan mountains and in places like Leadville made silver prices fall even further, but the mining of silver continued to be a profitable venture. In 1890, President Benjamin Harrison agreed to purchase $4.5 million ounces of silver a month. The "Sherman Silver Purchase Act" was passed by Congress and the price of silver shot up from .84 cents to $1.50 an ounce. 1893 spelled the end of an era of silver by the repeal of the "Sherman Silver Act". Almost immediately mines and smelters began to shut down in Colorado. Colorado was producing almost 60% of the nations silver. Thousands of out-of-work miners flooded into Denver swelling its ranks of the unemployed. Uhttp://www.ellensplace.net/hcg_fac8.html Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€"First Women elected to Legislature¨øÿÿÍÍÍÍ€öThe first three women ever elected to a state legislature in the United States were elected to the Colorado General Assembly. They were Clara Cressingham, R-Arapahoe County; Carrie Holly, R-Pueblo County; and Frances Klock, R-Arapahoe County. Zhttp://www.archives.state.co.us/arcfirst.html Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€Gold Production Peaks¶ÍÍÍÍ Cripple Creek€{Gold production reaches peak of more than $20,000,000 annually at Cripple Creek, the second richest gold camp in the world.Yhttp://www.archives.state.co.us/archist.html Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€The Ludlow MassacreBhLudlow€ÿè Eleven thousand miners worked for the Colorado Fuel & Iron Corporation, which was owned by the Rockefeller family. Aroused by the murder of one of their organizers, they went on strike against low pay, dangerous conditions, and feudal domination of their lives in towns completely controlled by the mining companies. In April 1914, two National Guard companies were stationed in the hills overlooking the largest tent colony of strikers, the one at Ludlow, housing a thousand men, women, children. On the morning of April 20, a machine gun attack began on the tents. The miners fired back. The women and children dug pits beneath the tents to escape the gunfire. At dusk, the Guard moved down from the hills with torches, set fire to the tents, and the families fled into the hills; thirteen people were killed by gunfire. "The following day, a telephone linesman going through the ruins of the Ludlow tent colony lifted an iron cot covering a pit in one of the tents and found the charred, twXhttp://spot.colorado.edu/~dylan/History.htm Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€The Granada Relocation Camp¢<ê@Amache€åFederal government established a camp for Japanese-Americans who were interned and relocated from their homes on the West Coast after the bombing of Pearl Harbour in WW2. The camp detained up to 7,000 Japanese-Americans. ¢http://www.archives.state.co.us/archist.html and http://www.mines.edu/Beyond_csm/region_info/golden/OLD/timeline.html Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.€The Colorado Avalanche is Born@ˆÍÍÍÍ€dQuebec Nordiques National Hockey League team moves to Colorado to become the Colorado Avalanche. Yhttp://www.archives.state.co.us/archist.html Taken from the Internet, November 18, 2001.