GLCEvent,First Contact With Native California Indians Bay of La PazCNoteThe Spanish sent an expedition north from Mexico under the command of Captain Diego de Becerra. The pilot Fortn Jimnez led a mutiny and killed Becerra. Jimnez and the mutineers continued the voyage and landed at the Bay of La Paz on the Baja California peninsula. Shortly after landing, Jimnez and twenty of his crew were killed by the local Guaycura Indians. The two surviving members of the expedition then returned to Corts with news of the disaster and reported that the waters along the peninsula contained rich beds of pearls. Although Jimnez's expedition ended in disaster, it was the first contact by Europeans with native California Indians.chttp://www.californiahistory.net/explo_main_frame.htm Taken from the Internet, September 14, 2001.#First Europeans to Visit CaliforniaK San Diego BayAA Spanish expedition, led by Juan Rodrguez Cabrillo sailed from New Spain. After3 months they sailed into San Diego Bay which Cabrillo described as "a closed and very good port." After dropping anchor, a small party of sailors went ashore. They were the first Europeans to visit what is today the state of California. chttp://www.californiahistory.net/explo_alta_frame.htm Taken from the Internet, September 14, 2001./Sir Francis Drake Claims California for England6Some scholars believe that Drake landed on the west shore of Bolinas Lagoon in Marin County. Most scholars, however, agree that the weight of documentary and archaeological evidence points to Drake's Estero, an arm of Drake's Bay on the Point Reyes Peninsula. Whatever the exact location, Drake came ashore after a year of privateering Spanish communities to make about a month's repairs to his ship. He left behind a small fortificaion.`http://www.californiahistory.net/text_only/3_4.htm Taken from the Internet, September 14, 2001.Exploration of California CoastTW5XVizcaino sailed a "fleet" of three ships up the California coast and visited and re-named such places as: San Diego, Santa Catalina Island, Santa Barbara, Point Conception, Monterey and Carmel. At last he entered Monterey Bay and named it for the viceroy who had sponsored his trip.SRolle, Andrew F. California: a History. Northbrook: AHM Publishing, 1969. p. 56-57.A New Voyage Around the WorldWilliam Dampier publishes A New Voyage Round the World, describing the lands visited on his voyages and the inhabitants, their customs, religions, etc., and makes reference to California which he also depicts as an island. Uhttp://www.walika.com/sr/california.htm Taken from the Internet, September 16, 2001.Spanish MissionsE0oBetween 1769 and 1784, Junpero Serra, a Spanish Franciscan missionary priest, founded the following nine missions: San Diego (1769), San Carlos Borromeo (1770), San Antonio (1771), San Gabriel (1771), San Luis Obispo (1772), San Francisco (1776), San Juan Capistrano (1776), Santa Clara (1777), and San Buenaventura (1782). Following the death of Junpero Serra in 1784, Fermn Francisco de Lasun became father-president of the California missions. During his eighteen-year tenure he founded the following missions: Santa Barbara (1786), La Pursima Concepcin (1787), Santa Cruz (1791), Soledad (1791), San Jos (1797), San Juan Bautista (1797), San Miguel (1797), San Fernando (1797), and San Luis Rey (1798). Lasun died at Mission San Carlos Borromeo in Carmel on June 26, 1803. bhttp://www.californiahistory.net/text_only/4_1_1.htm Taken from the Internet, September 14, 2001.First SettlementQSan JosoCalifornia Governor Felipe de Neve established the first civilian town or pueblo in California . Founded near the southern end of San Francisco Bay, it was christened El Pueblo de San Jos de Guadalupe. Neve recruited the settlers for the pueblo from the nearby presidios of Monterey and San Francisco. The founders consisted of a mere fourteen men and their familiesbhttp://www.californiahistory.net/text_only/4_3_1.htm Taken from the Internet, September 14, 2001. Yuma MassacreW'The Yuma Indians attacked and killed the people of two missions, (Purisima Concepcion and San Pedro y San Pablo) plus a regiment of soldiers, their captain and a priest. It was largely due to mistreatment of the Indians by the Spanish settlers and soldiers. For years the area was not resettled.PRolle, Andrew F. California: a History. Northbrook: AHM Publishing, 1969. p. 87.Russian Trading Post) Fort RossoIn 1812 the Russian-American Fur Company built Fort Ross, a fortified village north of San Francisco. Spanish officials objected to the Russian presence, but they lacked sufficient military force to back up their objections. The Russians professed to believe that San Francisco was the northern limit to Spain's claim of exclusive right of settlement in California. fhttp://www.californiahistory.net/text_only/4_2_2.htm#RUS Taken from the Internet, September 14, 2001.The Jones IncidentdMontereyfThe problem began when Commodore Thomas ap Catesby Jones, a young naval officer, got wind of a rumor that the United States and Mexico were at war. Jones was under standing orders that, in the event of such a war, he was to set sail and seize Monterey, the capital of Mexican California. Commodore Jones sailed confidently into Monterey Bay and demanded that the Mexican officials surrender. The next morning, a triumphant Jones landed 150 marines and sailors on the beach. The marines lowered the Mexican flag, raised the Stars and Stripes, fired a salute, and proclaimed California to be under the benevolent protection of the United States of America. Unfortunately, Commodore Jones had made a big mistake. He soon learned that the war rumor was false. With all the dignity he could muster, Jones hustled his marines back on board his ship and sailed away. fhttp://www.californiahistory.net/text_only/5_2_2.htm#JON Taken from the Internet, September 14, 2001.Mexican American War1The Mexican American War was a great tragedy for Mexico. Under the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico transferred half of its land to the United States. For the American people, the war was a great victory. Many Americans believed that their nation at last had achieved its Manifest Destiny.bhttp://www.californiahistory.net/text_only/5_3_1.htm Taken from the Internet, September 14, 2001.First Chinese ImmigrantsBetween 1847 and 1852, 20,000 Chinese immigrated to California, mostly as a result of a trade treaty with China, negotiated by Caleb Cushing in 1844. At first these citizens were welcomed in California.URolle, Andrew F. California: a History. Northbrook: AHM Publishing, 1969. p. 382-383.Gold Discoveredߵ{James Wilson Marshall made his famous discovery while building a sawmill for John Sutter in the foothills of Sierra Nevada.TLavender, Davis. California: A Bicentennial History. New York: WW Norton, 1976. p.4.Becomes a State%The Yankees who came to California because of the gold rush recognized that the influx in population made possible a remarkably quick transition to statehood. It was in June of 1849, less than 18 months after California became a legal U.S. territory by the treaty that ended the Mexican American war, that Governor Riley called for a constitutional convention. It was held in September at Monterey. There was much discussion and maneuvering regarding the balance of free and slave states, but eventually, California was admitted as the 31st state.Xhttp://www.ccnet.com/~laplaza/calhist5.htm Taken from the Internet, September 16, 2001.Overland California Mail Act]3Congress passed this act which offerred government aid in the form of mail contracts to any company that would provide stagecoach service from the eastern United States to California. . Soon the postmaster general awarded the first contract to the Overland Mail Company, headed by John Butterfield of New York. Butterfield's stagecoaches began carrying passengers and mail across the continent from St. Louis to San Francisco in 1858. The coaches crossed 2,800 miles of roads that were little more than rutted dirt trails. The trip lasted about three weeks. bhttp://www.californiahistory.net/text_only/7_1_1.htm Taken from the Internet, September 16, 2001.The Pony ExpressM+between California and St. Joseph, Missouri.In summer, the trip took ten and a half days for young riders to speed 2000 miles across the continent at twenty-five miles an hour, stopping every ten to fifteen miles for a fresh horse. As the rider approached each station, his replacement mount would be saddled and ready to go. The rider would transfer his mail pouch and be on his way again in less than two minutes. The Pony Express delivered the mail to California far faster than other means. But the cost was much higher. After only about eighteen months, the Pony Express went out of business. bhttp://www.californiahistory.net/text_only/7_1_1.htm Taken from the Internet, September 16, 2001.American Civil WarlBhttp://www.us-civilwar.com/ Taken from the Internet July 3, 2001.Telegraph Comes to CaliforniaThe telegraph is a simple device that sends messages by electricity. It was developed by an American inventor named Samuel F. B. Morse. The first telegram was sent from California to the east. The chief justice of the California Supreme Court telegraphed President Abraham Lincoln to declare California's loyalty to the union. Also on that day the Pony Express went out of business. The telegraph had rendered its services obsolete.bhttp://www.californiahistory.net/text_only/7_1_2.htm Taken from the Internet, September 16, 2001.The Transcontinental Railroad?VThe bulk of the work was performed by Chinese labor. At the peak of construction, the Central Pacific employed more than 10,000 Chinese laborers. The greatest physical challenge was building the Summit Tunnel, a passageway through a quarter-mile of solid granite. Chinese workers drilled holes and packed them with explosive black powder. The granite was so hard that sometimes the blasts merely spurted out through the drill holes without cracking the stone. Progress was measured in inches a day. Construction of the tunnel began in the summer of 1866 and took more than a year to complete. fhttp://www.californiahistory.net/text_only/7_2_1.htm#BUI Taken from the Internet, September 16, 2001.Chinese Exclusion ActThis act of the US congress prohibited Chinese immigration for ten years. In 1892 the law was extended for another ten years, and in 1902 it became permanent. The law was repealed during World War II, when China and the United States were allied in the struggle against Japan. bhttp://www.californiahistory.net/text_only/7_3_2.htm Taken from the Internet, September 16, 2001.Stanford University FoundedPLeland Stanford and his wife Jane founded Stanford University as a memorial to their only son who had died the year before at age fifteen. Stanford was one of the few universities in the world to admit women. Jane Stanford also was concerned about the growing number of women on campus. When the number of female undergraduates exceeded 40 percent, she feared that the university was developing a reputation as a women's school. In 1899 she issued a strongly worded edict: "Whereas the University was founded in memory of our dear son, Leland, and bears his name, I direct that the number of women attending the University as students shall at no time ever exceed 500.... I mean literally never in the future of the Leland Stanford Junior University can the number of female students at any one time exceed 500." The edict stayed in place until 1933 when university trustees found a loophole that allowed them to lift the limit. bhttp://www.californiahistory.net/text_only/7_2_2.htm Taken from the Internet, September 16, 2001.Pacific Electric Railway System#Creation of the Pacific Electric Railway System, linking many California communities. It soon transports 100 million people a year. uhttp://www.contracostatimes.com/news/millennium/california/timeline.htm Taken from the Internet, September 18, 2001. San Fancisco Earthquake and Fire San FranciscoDA massive eartquake destroyed buildings, roads and short-circuited electrical wires which set off fires. When firemen tried to connect hoses to fire hydrants, no water came out - pipes were broken or had never been hooked up. 500 city blocks were destroyed, 452 people lost their lives and 300,000 people were left homeless.URolle, Andrew F. California: a History. Northbrook: AHM Publishing, 1969. p. 465-466.First Motion Picture  Los Angeles.uhttp://www.contracostatimes.com/news/millennium/california/timeline.htm Taken from the Internet, September 18, 2001.Internment of the Japanese<9About 110,000 forced to relocate to internment camps. yhttp://www.contracostatimes.com/news/millennium/california/timeline2.htm#40 Taken from the Internet, September 18, 2001..First Asian-American Female Secretary of StateJjMarch Fong Eu was elected by a record-setting three million votes as Californias first woman Secretary of State and first Asian-American in statewide office. As Secretary of State, she dedicated her efforts to making the services of her office readily available by streamlining and automating procedures in the business filings programs, to eliminating abuse of power by some notaries, to the fair and cost-efficient implementation of the Political Reform Act of 1974 and the federal Voting Rights Act as amended in 1975. Vhttp://www.marchfongeu.org/mfecareer.htm Taken from the Internet, September 18, 2001.